| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
METHYLISOCYANATE 1 X 500MG NEAT | [CAS]
624-83-9 | [Synonyms]
CH3NCO
tl1450
TL 1450
WLN: OCN1
metilisocianato
methylisocyanat
Methylisokyanat
Isocyanamethane
Metil isocianato
Methylisocyanaat
Methyl isocyanat
Methylcaboninide
isocyanato-methan
Isocyanatomethane
methylcarbylamine
Methyl isocyanate
iso-cyanatomethane
Methyl carbonimide
methane,isocyanato-
methylcarboxylamine
isocyanatedemethyle
Isocyanate, methyl-
rcrawastenumberp064
methyl isocyanate，MIC
Isocyanic acid methyl
Isocyanate de methyle
Rcra waste number P064
Methylisokyanat [Czech]
Methylisocyanaat [Dutch]
keto(methylimino)methane
(methylimino)(oxo)methan
(Methylimino)(oxo)methane
isocyanicacid,methylester
iso-Cyanicacidmethylester
Methyl isocyanat [German]
Metil isocianato [Italian]
methane, (methylimino)oxo-
Methyl isocyanat [German]
isocyanatedemethyle(french)
Isocyanic acid, methyl ester
METHYLISOCYANATE 1 X 500MG NEAT | [EINECS(EC#)]
210-866-3 | [Molecular Formula]
C2H3NO | [MDL Number]
MFCD00002038 | [MOL File]
624-83-9.mol | [Molecular Weight]
57.05 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Methyl isocyanate is a colorless liquid. Sharp
odor which is a lachrymator (causes tears) and has poor
warning properties: IDLH 5 3 ppm; odor threshold 5
2.1 ppm. | [Melting point ]
-45℃ | [Boiling point ]
59.6℃ | [density ]
0.9230 | [vapor pressure ]
348 at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997) | [refractive index ]
1.3419 | [Fp ]
-7 °C | [form ]
Liquid; aerosol | [Stability:]
Stable, but highly reactive. Highly flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low boiling point, low flash point. | [Water Solubility ]
10 wt % at 15 °C (NIOSH, 1997) | [Merck ]
13,6112 | [Dielectric constant]
29.4（21℃） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA skin 0.047 mg/m3 (0.02 ppm)
(ACGIH and OSHA); IDLH 47.4 mg/m3 (20
ppm) (NIOSH). | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Methane, isocyanato-(624-83-9) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Methyl isocyanate (624-83-9) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
colourless liquid | [Chemical Properties]
Methyl isocyanate is used as a chemical intermediate for the production of carbamate insecticides and herbicides. Occupational exposure to methyl isocyanate may occur in those workers who use insecticides and herbicides produced from methyl isocyanate. | [Definition]
ChEBI: The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent. | [Uses]
In organic synthesis; in manufacture of carbamate pesticides. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Reacts exothermically with water to produce carbon dioxide, methylamine, dimethylurea and/or trimethylbiuret. Heat of reaction causes evolution of the vapors of the isocyanate. Reaction is relatively slow below 20°C but becomes violent at more elevated temperatures or in the presence of acids and bases. | [Reactivity Profile]
Airborne vapors of METHYLISOCYANATE 1 X 500MG NEAT are explosive when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. Vapor may ignite on contact with strong oxidizing agents. Emits toxic fumes of nitriles and oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 860]. Caused the death of thousands in 1984 in Bhopal, India when released accidentally as a vapor following an exothermic reaction caused by contamination with water [Chem. Eng. News, 1985, 63(6), p. 27]. Reacts rapidly with acids and bases (including amines). May polymerize in contact with iron, tin, copper and certain other catalysts such as triphenylarsenic oxide, triethyl phosphine and tributyltin oxide. Polymerizes at elevated temperatures. Attacks some plastics, rubbers, and coatings [NTP]. | [Health Hazard]
METHYLISOCYANATE 1 X 500MG NEAT is a skin irritant and can cause permanent eye damage. A concentration of 2 ppm has been reported toxic in humans. METHYLISOCYANATE 1 X 500MG NEAT attacks the respiratory system, eyes and skin. It can injure the lungs and bronchial airways, cause permanent eye damage, and death. Death has been attributed to various forms of respiratory distress. | [Fire Hazard]
Reacts violently with water. Extremely flammable; may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode violently in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors, or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. When heated to decomposition, METHYLISOCYANATE 1 X 500MG NEAT emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. Avoid water, acids, alkali, amines, iron, tin, copper, and other catalysts. Avoid heat, flame, oxidizers, water. Hazardous polymerization may occur. METHYLISOCYANATE 1 X 500MG NEAT (MIC) will react with water, or in the presence of catalysts (such as sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, triphenylarsine, triethyl phosphine, metallic chlorides) to form either a cyclic trimer (trimethyl isocyanurate) or a gummy, resinous polymer. These reactions are exothermic, producing about 540 Btu per pound of MIC. Heat produced in these reactions may result in pressure build up and rupturing of tanks. | [Hazard]
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Toxic byskin absorption and a strong eye and upper respira-tory tract irritant. | [Health Hazard]
Exposures to methyl isocyanate are extremely toxic to humans. In Bhopal, India, in 1984, accidental exposures to methyl isocyanate caused poisoning and fatal injuries to large numbers of occupational workers as well as the general public, because of a Union Carbide gas leak. The accidental gas leakage resulted in the deaths of more than 2,000 people and adverse health effects in greater than 170,000 survivors. Pulmonary edema was the cause of death in most cases, with many deaths resulting from secondary respiratory infections such as bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia. The acute inhalation exposure to methyl isocyanate in humans caused poisoning with symptoms that include, but are not limited to, respiratory tract irritation, diffi culty breathing, blindness, nausea, gastritis, sweating, fever, chills, and liver and kidney damage. Survivors continued to exhibit damage to the lungs with bronchoalveolar lesions and decreased lung function. The damage to the eyes included loss of vision, loss of visual acuity, and cataracts. There is no report on the chronic/long-term effects of methyl isocyanate in humans or animals. Studies on animals have indicated increased incidence of fetal deaths and decreased fertility, live litter size, fetal body weight, and neonatal survival following inhalation exposure to methyl isocyanate during pregnancy. | [Potential Exposure]
Methyl isocyanate is used in carbamates and as chemical intermediate; in the manufacture
of a wide variety of pesticides; in the production of polyurethane foams and plastics. A release of this chemical was
involved in the world’s largest chemical accident, causing
the death of thousands of industrial workers in 1984
in Bhopal, India. | [First aid]
Warning: Effects may be delayed for up to
15 hours. If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours
after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or
authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or
other inhalation therapy | [Shipping]
UN2480 Methyl isocyanate Hazard class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquid,
Inhalation Hazard Zone A | [Incompatibilities]
Highly flammable liquid. Vapors may
form explosive mixture with air. Rapid reaction in presence
of acid, alkalis, amine; iron, tin, copper, their salts; or their catalysts (such as triphenylarsenic oxide, triethylphosphine,
and tributyltin oxide). Exothermic reaction with water, producing carbon dioxide, highly flammable and air-reactive
methylamine, dimethylurea and/or trimethyl biuret. The
reaction with water is slow @ # 20C, but violent at
elevated temperatures and/or in the presence of acids
and bases. Elevated temperatures may cause explosive
polymerization. This chemical usually contains inhibitors to
prevent polymerization. Reacts with water, acids, alcohols,
glycols, amines, amides, ammonia, caprolactum, caustics,
strong oxidizers. Attacks some plastics, rubber or coatings.
Attacks some forms of plastic, rubber and coatings
| [Description]
Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the
molecular formula CH3NCO. MIC is an extremely toxic,
colorless, highly flammable liquid that evaporates quickly
when exposed to the air and has a sharp, strong odor. It is
hazardous to human health, and was involved in the Bhopal
disaster in December 1984, which resulted in the deaths of
more than 2250 individuals, with another 50 000 incapacitated,
and about 100 000 treated in area hospitals. | [Waste Disposal]
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Incineration in the presence of a flammable solvent.
A flue gas scrubber is recommended as well. | [Physical properties]
Clear, colorless, very flammable, posionous liquid with a sharp, unpleasant, penetrating odor.
Odor threshold concentration is 2.1 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). | [Production Methods]
Methyl isocyanate is
reacted with 1-naphthol to produce the carbamate insecticide
carbaryl and with α-methylthioisobutyrladoxime in the
industrial synthesis of aldicarb. | [Carcinogenicity]
Genetic and Related Cellular Effects Studies.
Mason et al. found that methyl isocyanate did not induce
mutagenic response in the Salmonella assay under test
conditions. It was also negative in the Drosophila test for
sex-linked recessive lethal mutations; however, it was positive
in the cultured CHO cells. Mason et al. found that
methyl isocyanate was positive in the mouse lymphoma
assay. | [Environmental Fate]
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with water forming 1,3-dimethylurea and carbon dioxide. In excess
water, the hydrolysis half-life is 9 min. (Castro et al., 1985) | [storage]
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with thischemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Before entering confined space where this chemicalmay be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Methyl isocyanate must be storedto avoid contact with water, acid, alkali, amines; or iron,tin, copper (or their salts); and certain other catalysts sinceviolent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers ina cool, well-ventilated area away from water or heat.Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, areprohibited where methyl isocyanate is handled, used, orstored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallonsor more of methyl isocyanate should be grounded andbonded. Drums must be quipped with self-closing valves,pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening andclosing containers of methyl isocyanate. Wherever methylisocyanate is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, useexplosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings. | [Toxicity evaluation]
Mechanisms of toxicity have still not been clearly elucidated
for MIC per se. It is hypothesized that carbamylation of
globin and blood proteins may be involved. Histopathologic
evaluation of rodents exposed to MIC by inhalation suggest
that MIC-induced injury is limited to the respiratory system.
Immediate deaths most likely are a result of tissue hypoxia
secondary to blockage of airways by cellular debris, mucus,
and fluid. Delayed deaths most likely are caused by chronic
obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Persistent respiratory
and ocular effects may also be a result of MIC-induced
immunologic effects since specific antibodies have been
demonstrated in the blood of exposed patients. MIC is
highly reactive; therefore, the resulting onset of respiratory
effects following acute exposure to MIC can be immediate in
some cases. In other exposure scenarios, respiratory injury
can evolve over periods of hours or days. Exposure-related
deaths sometimes can occur as late as 30 or more days
postexposure, due in part to the development of pneumonia.
Results from human and animal studies indicate that MIC is
a severe irritant to mucous membranes. Ocular irritation was
the most pronounced symptom reported in human experimental
studies. The most frequently reported symptoms
among the exposed population in Bhopal, India, were
burning of the eyes, coughing, respiratory distress from
pulmonary congestion, watering of the eyes, nausea, vomiting,
muscle weakness, and CNS involvement secondary to
hypoxia and animal fatalities are which attributed to
pulmonary edema. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F+,T+ | [Risk Statements ]
12-24/25-26-37/38-41-42/43-63 | [Safety Statements ]
26-27/28-36/37/39-45-63-28-27 | [RIDADR ]
2480 | [RTECS ]
NQ9450000 | [HazardClass ]
6.1(a) | [PackingGroup ]
I | [Safety Profile]
Poison by inhalation,
ingestion, and skin contact. Human systemic
effects by inhalation: conjunctiva irritation,
olfactory and pulmonary changes. An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A severe eye, skin, and mucous
membrane irritant and a sensitizer. It can be
absorbed through the skin. Exposure to
high concentrations of the vapor can cause
blindness; lung damage, including edema,
permanent fibrosis, emphysema, and
bronchitis; and gynecological effects. Most
deaths are a result of lung tissue damage.
This was the predominant cause of death in
the release of MIC in 1984 at Bhopal, India.
Effects of cyanide poisoning have been
noted but this may be due to impurities. A
flammable liquid and a very dangerous fire
hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or
oxiduers. To fight fire, use spray, foam,
CO2, dry chemical. Exothermic reaction
with water. When heated to decomposition
it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
624-83-9(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 in male rats (mg/kg): 140 single oral dose (Vernot); LC50 in rats (4 hours exposure to vapor): 5 ppm (Kimmerle, Eben) | [IDLA]
0.12 ppm (0.28 mg/m3) |
| Raw materials And Preparation Products | Back Directory | [Raw materials]
Dimethyl sulfate-->Methylamine-->Calcium oxide-->1,2-Dichlorobenzene-->PETROLEUM ETHER-->Sodium cyanate-->Methylaminoformyl chloride-->Potassium cyanate-->1,2,4-Dithiazolidine-3,5-dione, 4-methyl--->Carbamic acid, N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-, trimethylsilyl ester-->Silanamine, 1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(methylcarbonimidoyl)--->Acetohydroxamic acid-->N-METHYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE-->3-METHYL-1,1-DIPHENYLUREA | [Preparation Products]
Carbofuran-->Propoxur-->Carbaryl-->Methomyl-->METOLCARB-->Isazophos-->Methabenzthiazuron-->Cinosulfuron-->ALDICARB-->ETHIOFENCARB-->Temozolomide-->Oxamyl |
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