| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
CHOLERA TOXIN | [CAS]
9012-63-9 | [Synonyms]
Cholergen
choleragen
CHOLERA TOXIN
Choleragenoid
exo-enterotoxin
choleraexotoxin
Toxins, cholera
CHOLERA ENTEROTOXIN
VIBRIO CHOLERAE TOXIN
choleraentero-exotoxin
exotoxin,vibriocholerae
CHOLERA TOXIN FROM VIBRIO CHOLERAE
CHOLERA TOXIN, VIBRIO CHOLERAE, TYPE INABA 569B
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae,Cholera enterotoxin, Cholergen | [Molecular Formula]
NULL | [MDL Number]
MFCD00130776 |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T | [Risk Statements ]
24/25-52/53 | [Safety Statements ]
36/37-45-61 | [RIDADR ]
3172 | [WGK Germany ]
2 | [RTECS ]
LF3100000 | [HazardClass ]
6.1 | [PackingGroup ]
I | [Toxicity]
cholera toxin is secreted
by the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is a gastrointestinal
toxin that increases adenylate cyclase activity of mucosa
of the small intestine, thereby increasing cyclic AMP within
these cells. Cyclic AMP stimulates active transport of ions by
these epithelial cells, resulting in a large efflux of Na+ and water
into the gut. The toxin enters cells by interacting with a GM1
ganglioside on the cell surface. After entry, the A1 subunit catalyzes
the transfer of an ADP-ribose unit from NAD+ to an arginine
side chain of the adenylate cyclase regulatory G protein,
blocking its GTPase activity. Thus the adenylate cyclase deactivation
mechanism is destroyed, and cyclic AMP is continually
produced. The major sign of cholera poisoning is severe diarrhea;
several liters of body water may be lost within a few hours,
leading to shock and death if fluid is not replaced. Treatment
involves physiological support (including i.v. fluids) and antibiotics. |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Uses]
Cholera Toxin from Vibrio cholerae has been used as a positive control in cAMP (cyclic AMP) assay for enterotoxins. It has been added as a supplement in cell culture media of primary tumors and epithelial cells. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
Toxin consisting of an A subunit (27 kDa) surrounded by five B subunits (approximately 12 kDa each), which attach the toxin to ganglioside GM1 on the cell surface. The A subunit catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs), reducing GTPase activity and activating the α-subunit. This activation of Gαs leads to an increase in the activity of adenylyl cyclase, resulting in increased levels of cAMP. Also ADP-ribosylates transducin in the eye rod outer segments, inactivating its GTPase activity. Cholera toxin has also been reported to ADP-ribosylate tubulin. Shown to be a potent mucosal vaccine adjuvant, inducing T helper cell type 2 responses by inhibiting the production of interleukin-12. | [storage]
Store at 4°C |
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