ナフシリンナトリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
使用
As a synthetic beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin, Nafcillin SodiuM Salt can be used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, in particular, species of staphylococci that are resistant to other penicillins.
適応症
It is effective against Gram-positive cocci and staphylococci that produce penicillinase. It
is used for the same indications as methicillin. Synonyms of this drug are nafcil, nalpen,
unipen, and others.
Another type of semisynthetic penicillin that should undoubtedly be considered is penicillin derivatives of heteroylcarboxylic acids (as a rule an isoxazol) in the third position of
which is present a substituted or nonsubstituted phenyl radical (oxacillin, cloxacillin,
dicloxacillin), which plays the role of the radical in the acyl side group. These penicillins
(oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin), which are resistant to penicillinase, are active with
respect to penicillin-G-resistant staphylococci. Their antimicrobial spectrum is restricted
to Gram-positive microorganisms.
Penicillins that are resistant to penicillinase are the drug of choice for infections resistant to penicillin G, Staph. aureus, or coagulase-negative staphylococci. They are also
effective for infections caused by nonenterococcus types of streptococci, such as streptococci groups A, B, C, and G, as well as pneumococci.
抗菌性
The antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of the isoxazolylpenicillins
but it is more active against streptococci
and pneumococci. Activity in vitro is
depressed in the presence of serum. It is more stable than
the isoxazolylpenicillins to staphylococcal β-lactamase.
There is complete cross-resistance with other group 3
penicillins.
薬物動態学
Oral absorption: c. 35%
C
max 1 g intramuscular:8 mg/L after 1 h
500 mg intravenous:30 mg/L after 5 min
Plasma half-life: 0.5 h
Plasma protein binding: 90%
Absorption and distribution
Nafcillin is poorly absorbed after oral administration, and
absorption is further depressed if the drug is given with
food. Most dosing is now intravenous. Penetration into tissues
is similar to that of the isoxazolylpenicillins. Penetration
into normal meninges is low, but is higher in inflamed
meninges.
Metabolism and excretion
About 60–70% is inactivated in the liver. Following intramuscular
administration, about 30% appears in the urine, producing
concentrations up to 1000 mg/L. Administration of
probenecid reduces the urinary excretion and raises and prolongs
the plasma level. About 8% of the dose is excreted in
the bile.
臨床応用
Uses are those of group 3 penicillins . Nafcillin has
been particularly recommended for the treatment of staphylococcal
bacteremia caused by susceptible strains.
副作用
There is cross-allergenicity with other penicillins. Its side
effects are similar to the penicillins. Pseudomembranous colitis
has been reported.
ナフシリンナトリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品