3-ニトロトルエン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
うすい黄色～黄色粉末～塊～透明液体
溶解性
水に難溶, アルコール, エーテルに易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
解説
C7H7NO2(137.14)．C6H4(CH3)NO2．o-，m-，p-ニトロトルエンの3種類の異性体がある．トルエンを混酸でモノニトロ化すれば，o-ニトロトルエン63％，p-ニトロトルエン33％，m-ニトロトルエン4％ の割合でニトロトルエンが生成し，これらは冷却法，減圧蒸留などによってそれぞれを分離できる．また，m-ニトロトルエンのみを合成するには，p-トルイジンをニトロ化，ついでアミノ基をジアゾ化し，ジアゾニウム基を還元分解すれば得られる．p-ニトロトルエンは黄色の結晶であるが，o-ニトロトルエンおよびm-ニトロトルエンは常温では液体である．いずれもエーテル，ベンゼンに可溶．水に難溶であるが，還元すればそれぞれ対応するトルイジンが，酸化すればやはり対応するニトロ安息香酸が得られる．
用途
有機合成原料。
物理的性質
3-Nitrotoluene is a light yellow oily liquid with a nitrobenzene-like odor. The relative density is 1.1571, the melting point is 16°C, and the boiling point is 230-231°C. Almost insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform and benzene. Can volatilize with water vapor.
使用
3-Nitrotoluene is mainly used in organic synthesis as an intermediate for pesticides, dyes, explosives, medicines, color developers, plastics, synthetic fibers and auxiliaries.
製造方法
3-Nitrotoluene is obtained by fractional distillation and purification after nitration of toluene with mixed acid below 50℃. Toluene nitration can get different products with different reaction conditions and catalysts, such as o-nitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Toluene etc.
定義
ChEBI: 3-nitrotoluene is a mononitrotoluene carrying a nitro group at position 3.
主な応用
Catalytic hydrogenation or reduction with iron converts 3-nitrotoluene to m-toluidine, which provides important coupling components for azo dyes, usually after N-alkylation.
一般的な説明
Yellow crystals that melt at 59°F to a yellow liquid. Often therefore encountered as a liquid. Flash point 223°F. Boiling point 450°F. Insoluble in water. Toxic by inhalation and ingestion.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
3-Nitrotoluene reacts with sulfuric acid, strong oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
危険性
Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption. Methemoglobinemia. Probable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
INHALATION, INGESTION OR SKIN ABSORPTION: Headache, flushing of face, dizziness, difficult breathing, cyanosis, nausea, vomiting, muscular weakness, increased pulse and respiratory rate, irritability and convulsions. EYES: Slight irrita- tion. SKIN: Slight irritation.
職業ばく露
The nitrotoluenes are used in the
production of toluidines and other dye intermediates.
All isomers are used in manufacture of agriculture and
rubber chemicals and in various dyes.
環境運命予測
Biological. Under anaerobic conditions using a sewage inoculum, 3-nitrotoluene and 4-
nitrotoluene both degraded to toluidine (Hallas and Alexander, 1983). Robertson et al. (1992)
reported that toluene dioxygenases from Pseudomonas putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. Strain JS
150 oxidized the methyl group forming 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol.
輸送方法
UN1664 Nitrotoluenes, (o-; m-; p-), Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
純化方法
Dry 3-nitrotoluene over P2O5 for 24hours, then fractionally distil it under reduced pressure. [Clark & Taylor Org. Synth Coll Vol I 415 1941, Beilstein 5 IV 847.]
不和合性
Decomposes on contact with strong oxidizers;
strong acids; reducing agents; strong bases; ammonia,
amines producing toxic fumes, causing fire and explosion
hazard. Heat above 190C may cause explosive decomposition.
Attacks some plastics, rubbers, and coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Controlled incineration-care
must be taken to maintain complete combustion at all
times. Incineration of large quantities may require scrubbers
to control the emission of nitrogen oxides.
3-ニトロトルエン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品