| Product Identification | Back to Contents | 【Product Name】
L(+)-Dihydroxysuccinic acid | 【Synonyms】
(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
L-(+)-Dihydrosuccinic acid
Threaric acid | 【CAS】
87-69-4 | 【Formula】
C4H6O6 | 【Molecular Weight】
150.09 | 【EINECS】
201-766-0 | 【RTECS】
WW7875000 | 【RTECS Class】
Drug | 【Merck】
12,9237 | 【Beilstein/Gmelin】
1725147 | 【Beilstein Reference】
4-03-00-01219 | 【EC Class】
irritant |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Back to Contents | 【Appearance】
Odorless, white crystals. | 【Solubility in water】
1377 g/L | 【Melting Point】
168 - 170 | 【Boiling Point】
399 | 【Vapor Pressure】
5E-8 (25 C) | 【Density】
1.759 g/cm3 | 【pKa/pKb】
3.07 (pKa) | 【Partition Coefficient】
-1.43 | 【Heat Of Vaporization】
75.1 kJ/mol | 【Heat Of Combustion】
-1096 kJ/mol | 【Usage】
Substance is used in the soft drink industry, confectionery products, bakery products, gelatin desserts, as an acidulant. | 【Refractive Index】
1.464 |
| First Aid Measures | Back to Contents | 【Ingestion】
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Get medical aid if irritation or symptoms occur. | 【Inhalation】
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear. | 【Skin】
Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse. | 【Eyes】
Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. |
| Handling and Storage | Back to Contents | 【Storage】
Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. | 【Handling】
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not ingest or inhale. Use with adequate ventilation. |
| Hazards Identification | Back to Contents | 【Ingestion】
Causes gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. | 【Inhalation】
Causes respiratory tract irritation. | 【Skin】
Causes skin irritation. Low hazard for usual industrial handling. | 【Eyes】
Causes eye irritation. | 【EC Risk Phrase】
R 36/37/38 | 【EC Safety Phrase】
S 26 36 |
| Exposure Controls/Personal Protection | Back to Contents | 【Personal Protection】
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. | 【Respirators】
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use. | 【Poison Class】
4 |
| Fire Fighting Measures | Back to Contents | 【Flash Point】
209 | 【Autoignition】
425 | 【Fire Fighting】
Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing media: Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. In case of fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam. |
| Accidental Release Measures | Back to Contents | 【Small spills/leaks】
Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Sweep up or absorb material, then place into a suitable clean, dry, closed container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. |
| Stability and Reactivity | Back to Contents | 【Stability】
Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. | 【Incompatibilities】
Strong oxidizing agents. | 【Decomposition】
Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide. |
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