| Identification | More | [Name]
Propionitrile | [CAS]
107-12-0 | [Synonyms]
2-Methylacetonitrile
CYANOETHANE
ETHYL CYANIDE
NITRILE C3
PROPIONIC NITRILE
PROPIONITRILE
PROPIONONITRILE
C2H5CN
cyanured’ethyle
ethanecarbonitrile
Ether cyanatus
ethercyanatus
Ethylcyanid
Ethylkyanid
Hydrocyanic ether
hydrocyanicether
n-Propanenitrile
n-Propionitrile
Propanenitrile
Propanenitrile,Ethylcyanide | [EINECS(EC#)]
203-464-4 | [Molecular Formula]
C3H5N | [MDL Number]
MFCD00001948 | [Molecular Weight]
55.08 | [MOL File]
107-12-0.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Propionitrile is a colorless liquid with a
pleasant, sweetish, ethereal odor. | [Melting point ]
-93 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
97 °C (lit.) | [density ]
0.772 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor pressure ]
53.33-63.195hPa at 22.05-25℃ | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.366(lit.)
| [Fp ]
43 °F
| [storage temp. ]
Flammables area | [solubility ]
soluble in water at 40°C is 11.9 g/100 g H20; miscible with alcohol,
ether, dimethylformamide | [form ]
Oil | [color ]
Clear Colourless | [Stability:]
Stable. Flammable. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidising agents, strong bases, strong acids, strong reducing agents. | [Water Solubility ]
decomposes. 5-10 g/100 mL at 23 ºC | [FreezingPoint ]
-93℃ | [Usage]
Propionitrile is an intermediate for organic syntheses, e.g. Houben-Hoesch reaction, as well as for pharmaceuticals, e.g. ketoprofen and fragrances. Product Data Sheet | [Merck ]
14,7827 | [BRN ]
773680 | [Dielectric constant]
27.7（20℃） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 14 mg/m3 (6 ppm) (NIOSH). | [LogP]
-0.1-0.16 | [Dissociation constant]
33.54 | [CAS DataBase Reference]
107-12-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Propanenitrile(107-12-0) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
107-12-0(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,T+,T | [Risk Statements ]
R11:Highly Flammable.
R20:Harmful by inhalation.
R25:Toxic if swallowed.
R27:Very Toxic in contact with skin.
R36:Irritating to the eyes.
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . | [Safety Statements ]
S9:Keep container in a well-ventilated place .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer) .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing . | [RIDADR ]
UN 2404 3/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
UF9625000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
3 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
29269095 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by
inhalation. Experimental teratogenic effects.
Other experimental reproductive effects. A
skin and eye irritant. Dangerous fire hazard
when exposed to heat, flame (sparks),
oxidners. Mixture with N-
bromosuccinimide may explode when heated. To fight fire, use water spray, foam,
mist, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx
and CN-. Used as a solvent in petroleum
refining, and as a raw material for drug
manufacture. See also NITRILES. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
107-12-0(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in rats: 39 mg/kg (Smyth) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. Density 0.683 g/cm3. Flash point 61°F. Toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent, and to make other chemicals. | [Reactivity Profile]
PROPIONITRILE(107-12-0) is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents. After refluxing for 24 hours at 221°F, a mixture of this compound with N-bromosuccinimide exploded. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Soluble in water. | [Hazard]
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. | [Health Hazard]
PROPIONITRILE is highly toxic. This super toxic compound has a probable oral lethal dose in humans of less than 5 mg/kg or a taste (less than 7 drops) for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. It is a mild to moderate skin and eye irritant. | [Potential Exposure]
Used as a solvent in petroleum refin-
ing, as a chemical intermediate; a raw material for drug
manufacture; and a setting agent. | [Fire Hazard]
When heated to decomposition, PROPIONITRILE emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and cyanide. PROPIONITRILE is a flammable/combustible material and may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Generates cyanide ions. Poisonous on contact with acids. stable, but may become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, includ-
ing resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medi-
cal attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. | [Shipping]
UN2404 Propionitrile, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous material.
UN1992 Flammable liquids, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials,
Technical Name Required. | [Incompatibilities]
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlo-
rine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or
explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides., reducing agents.
Hydrogen cyanide is produced when propionitrile is
heated to decomposition. Reacts with acids, steam, warm
water; producing toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide
fumes. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of
metals and some metal compounds. They are incompati-
ble with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing
acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles
are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents
such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide.
Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base
to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids).
These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert
nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with
reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are
soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile
have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble
in aqueous acids . | [Chemical Properties]
Clear liquid | [Chemical Properties]
Propionitrile is a colorless liquid with a
pleasant, sweetish, ethereal odor. | [Waste Disposal]
Alcoholic NaOH followed by
calcium hypochlorite may be used, as may incineration .
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guid-
ance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste
containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform
with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation,
treatment, and waste disposal. | [Uses]
Propionitrile is an intermediate for organic syntheses, e.g. Houben-Hoesch reaction, as well as for pharmaceuticals, e.g. ketoprofen and fragrances. | [Uses]
Propionitrile is used as a chemical intermediate. It is formed as a by-product of the electrodimerization of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile. | [Uses]
Propionitrile, act as solvents and are reacted further for various application including, Extraction solvent for fatty acids, oils and unsaturated hydrocarbons, Solvent for spinning and casting, removing agent of colouring matters and aromatic alcohols, Non-aqueous solvent for titrations and for inorganic salts, Recrystallization of steroids, Parent compound for organic synthesis, chemical intermediate in biochemistry, Catalyst and component of transition-metal complex catalysts, Stabilizer for chlorinated solvents, Chemical intermediate and solvent for perfumes and pharmaceuticals. It is used as a dielectric fluid. | [Definition]
ChEBI: A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. | [Production Methods]
Propionitnle may be prepared by dehydration of propionamide (or propionic acid
plus ammonia) or by distilling ethyl sulfate and concentrated aqueous KCN. It also is formed as a byproduct of the electrohydrodimerization
of acrylonitrile or by the hydrogenation of acrylonitrile with the use of
copper, rhodium or nickle catalysts . U.S. production
is estimated for 1980 to range between 10-15 million pounds. | [Industrial uses]
Propionitnle is used as a selective solvent in the chemical industry and in
petroleum refining and as a dielectric fluid . It
has also been used experimentally as an ulcerogen . | [Purification Methods]
Shake the nitrile with dilute HCl (20%), or with conc HCl until the odour of isonitrile has gone, then wash it with water, and aqueous K2CO3. After a preliminary drying with silica gel or Linde type 4A molecular sieves, it is stirred with CaH2 until hydrogen evolution ceases, then decant and distil from P2O5 (not more than 5g/L, to minimise gel formation). Finally, it is refluxed with, and slowly distilled from CaH2 (5g/L), taking precautions to exclude moisture. [Beilstein 2 IV 728.] |
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