| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
2-(4-((2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-methylthiazol-4-yl)methylthio)-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid | [CAS]
317318-70-0 | [Synonyms]
GSK-516
GW 1516
CARDARINE
ENDUROBOL
GW-501615
CB6465728
GW 501516, >=98%
GW 1516 ,GSK-516
GW501516(GSK-516)
GW501516, Free Acid
Cardarine(GW501516, GSK-516)
GW501516/GW1516/GW-1516/GW501516
Methyl-methyl-trifluoromethylphenyl -thiazolyl-methylsulfanyl-phenoxy-acetic Acid
2-(4-((2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-methylthiazol-4-yl)methylthio)-2-methylphenoxy)acetic
2-(4-((2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)methylthio)-2-methylphenoxy)acetic a
{2-Methyl-4-{{4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-thiazolyl}methylthio}phenoxy}acetic acid
2-(2-methyl-4-((5-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazol-4-yl)methylthio)phenoxy)acetic acid
2-(4-((2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)methylthio)-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid
2-(4-((2-(4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL)-5-METHYLTHIAZOL-4-YL)METHYLTHIO)-2-METHYLPHENOXY)ACETIC ACID
2-[2-Methyl-4-[[[4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]phenoxy]acetic Acid
{2-Methyl-4-[4-Methyl-2-(4-trifluoroMethyl-phenyl)-thiazol-5-ylMethylsulfanyl]-phenoxy}-acetic acid
Aceticacid, [2-Methyl-4-[[[4-Methyl-2-[4-(trifluoroMethyl)phenyl]-5-thiazolyl]Methyl]thio]phenoxy]-(9CI)
2-[2-methyl-4-[[4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]phenoxy]acetic acid | [EINECS(EC#)]
1592732-453-0 | [Molecular Formula]
C21H18F3NO3S2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD09033000 | [MOL File]
317318-70-0.mol | [Molecular Weight]
453.5 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
White Solid | [Melting point ]
134-136°C | [Boiling point ]
584.5±60.0 °C(Predicted) | [density ]
1.42±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) | [storage temp. ]
Refrigerator | [solubility ]
DMSO: soluble20mg/mL, clear | [form ]
powder | [pka]
3.17±0.10(Predicted) | [color ]
white to beige | [BRN ]
18515150 | [Stability:]
Light Sensitive | [InChI]
InChI=1S/C21H18F3NO3S2/c1-12-9-16(7-8-17(12)28-10-19(26)27)29-11-18-13(2)25-20(30-18)14-3-5-15(6-4-14)21(22,23)24/h3-9H,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,26,27) | [InChIKey]
YDBLKRPLXZNVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [SMILES]
C(O)(=O)COC1=CC=C(SCC2SC(C3=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C3)=NC=2C)C=C1C | [CAS DataBase Reference]
317318-70-0 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
White Solid | [Uses]
An experimental drug meant to control lipids and increase the level of HDL, or good cholesterol, in the bloodstream.
A cell-permeable, thiazolyl compound that acts as a potent, high affinity, PPARδ agonist. Exhibits selectivity for PPARδ compared to PPARα and PPARγ. Does not exibit any activity against other nuclear or non-nuclear receptors. Reported to increase cholesterol efflux and ABAC1 expression in macrophages, fibroblasts, and intestinal cells. | [Uses]
An experimental drug meant to control lipids and increase the level of HDL, or good cholesterol, in the bloodstream.
A cell-permeable, thiazolyl compound that acts as a potent, high affinity, PPARd agonist. Exhibits selectivity for PPARd compared t | [Definition]
ChEBI: An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4
by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. | [Description]
GW501516, also known as GW-1516 or cardarine and endurobol, is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ) agonist. Activation of the receptor will increase fat-burning capacity and muscle production, as it changes the body's fuel preference from glucose to lipids. | [History]
GW501516, also known as Cardarine, was originally discovered in the early 1990s during a research collaboration between two large pharmaceutical companies. The initial proposed use was for the treatment of hyperlipidemia (elevated fats in the blood), though later studies looked at its effectiveness for treating obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
| [General Description]
GW501516 is the most selective and potent PPARβ (EC50=1.1nM) agonist that has been demonstrated to be 1,000-fold more selective in comparison to existing subtypes. It can regulate expression of genes involved in lipid catabolism and energy uncoupling in skeletal muscle cells and has been shown to block insulin resistance and fatty acid-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. | [Biological Activity]
GW 501516 is a potent and selective PPARδ agonist (EC50 = 1.2 nM). Displays <1000-fold selectivity over other PPAR subtypes. Increases ABC A1 transporter expression and induces apolipoprotein A1-mediated cholesterol efflux in vitro. Also increase serum HDL cholesterol and lowers small, dense LDL levels in obesity in vivo models. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
PPARδ activation by GW501516, retards weight gain through fatty acid catabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. GW501516 causes an increase in the levels high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A (apoA) and reduction in the low density-lipoprotein cholesterol, apoB, and triglyceride. | [Mechanism of action]
GW501516 is a selective agonist (activator) of the PPARδ receptor. It displays high affinity (Ki = 1 nM) and potency (EC50 = 1 nM) for PPARδ with > 1,000 fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARγ.In rats, binding of GW501516 to PPARδ recruits the coactivator PGC-1α. The PPARδ/coactivator complex in turn upregulates the expression of proteins involved in energy expenditure.[31] Furthermore, in rats treated with GW501516, increased fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle and protection against diet-induced obesity and type II diabetes was observed. In obese rhesus monkeys, GW501516 increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lowered very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). | [storage]
Store at -20°C | [Dosage]
As GW501516 has not been approved by the FDA for medicinal purposes, there are no established dosage guidelines. However, in studies, researchers have administered up to 10mg/day to participants.Users taking cardarine today for cosmetic purposes typically take 10-20mg/day. This is taken once per day and approximately 30 minutes before workouts, to encourage fat oxidation during exercise. | [References]
1) Oliver?et al.?(2001),?A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist promotes reverse cholesterol transport; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,?98?5306
2) Ito?et al.?(2012),?A PML-PPAR-δ pathway for fatty acid oxidation regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance; Nat. Med.,?18?1350
3) Barroso?et al. (2011), The PPARβ/δ activator GW501516 prevents the down-regulation of AMPK caused by a high-fat diet in liver and amplifies the PGC-1α-Lipin 1-PPARα pathway leading to increased fatty acid oxidation. Endocrinology,?152?1848
4) Okazaki?et al.?(2010),?PPAR beta/delta regulates the human SIRT1 gene transcription via Sp1; Endocr. J.,?57?403
5) Narkar?et al.?(2008),?AMPK and PPARdelta agonists are exercise mimetics; Cell,?134?405 |
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