9-Hexadecenoic-11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,16-d13 acid, (9Z)-

Description

Palmitoleic acid-d₁₃ is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitoleic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitoleic acid is an ω-7 monounsaturated fatty acid that has been found in macadamia and sea buckthorn oils.^1,2 It increases basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) protein levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes when used at a concentration of 200 μM.³ Ex vivo, palmitoleic acid (300 mg/kg per day) increases glucose uptake and aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis and reduces de novo fatty acid synthesis and activity of the lipogenic enzymes ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in isolated murine adipocytes. Dietary administration of palmitoleic acid (300 mg/kg) reduces high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and liver inflammation in mice.⁴

References

1. Yang, B., and Kallio, H.P. Fatty acid composition of lipids in sea buckthorn (Hippopha? rhamnoids L.) berries of different origins J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(4),1939-1947(2001).
2. Fard, A.M., Turner, A.G., and Willett, G.D. High-resolution electrospray-ionization fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of macadamia nut oil Aus. J. Chem. 56(5),499-508(2003).
3. Bolsoni-Lopes, A., Festuccia, W.T., Chimin, P., et al. Palmitoleic acid (n-7) increases white adipocytes GLUT4 content and glucose uptake in association with AMPK activation Lipids Health Dis. 13(199),1-10(2014).
4. Souza, C.O., Teixeira, A.A.S., Lima, E.A., et al. Palmitoleic acid (N-7) attenuates the immunometabolic disturbances caused by a high-fat diet independently of PPARɑ Mediators Inflamm. ,582197(2014).

Raw materials

Preparation Products