Potassium chloride
![Potassium chloride Structure](CAS/GIF/7447-40-7.gif)
- CAS No.
- 7447-40-7
- Chemical Name:
- Potassium chloride
- Synonyms
- KCl;BUFFER;BUFFER SOLUTION;Potassium Chloride BP;Kato;Klorvess;Kaliumchlorid;potash muriate;BORATE BUFFER SOLUTION;Potassium chloride (KCl)
- CBNumber:
- CB9137176
- Molecular Formula:
- ClK
- Molecular Weight:
- 74.55
- MOL File:
- 7447-40-7.mol
- Modify Date:
- 2024/5/24 18:18:52
Melting point | 770 °C (lit.) |
---|---|
Boiling point | 1420°C |
Density | 1.98 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
refractive index |
n |
Flash point | 1500°C |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | H2O: soluble |
form | random crystals |
Specific Gravity | 1.984 |
color | White |
PH | 5.5-8.0 (20℃, 50mg/mL in H2O) |
Odor | Odorless |
PH Range | 7 |
Water Solubility | 340 g/L (20 ºC) |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
λmax |
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01 |
Merck | 14,7621 |
Sublimation | 1500 ºC |
BRN | 1711999 |
Dielectric constant | 4.6(Ambient) |
BCS Class | 1 |
Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Protect from moisture. Hygroscopic. |
InChIKey | WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
CAS DataBase Reference | 7447-40-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Potassium chloride(7447-40-7) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Potassium chloride (7447-40-7) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
Symbol(GHS) | ![]() GHS08 |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Signal word | Danger | |||||||||
Hazard statements | H303 | |||||||||
Precautionary statements | P201-P308+P313 | |||||||||
Hazard Codes | Xi,C,F,Xn,T | |||||||||
Risk Statements | 36-34-11-36/37/38-40-61-60 | |||||||||
Safety Statements | 24/25-39-26-22-23-45-36/37/39-16-36/37-53 | |||||||||
RIDADR | UN 1824 8 / PGII | |||||||||
WGK Germany | 1 | |||||||||
RTECS | TS8050000 | |||||||||
F | 8 | |||||||||
TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
HS Code | 31042090 | |||||||||
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 2600 mg/kg | |||||||||
NFPA 704 |
|
Potassium chloride price More Price(159)
Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sigma-Aldrich(India) | P9541 | Potassium chloride for molecular biology, ≥99.0% | 7447-40-7 | 500G | ₹5770 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Sigma-Aldrich(India) | SAB4500285 | Anti-CLK1 antibody produced in rabbit affinity isolated antibody | 7447-40-7 | 100μG | ₹50560.5 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Sigma-Aldrich(India) | PHR1329 | Potassium Chloride Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material | 7447-40-7 | 5G | ₹4470.73 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Sigma-Aldrich(India) | P9541 | Potassium chloride for molecular biology, ≥99.0% | 7447-40-7 | 1KG | ₹10050 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Sigma-Aldrich(India) | P9541 | Potassium chloride for molecular biology, ≥99.0% | 7447-40-7 | 5KG | ₹32485.83 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Potassium chloride Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide salt that is used in a variety of areas. The dominant application of potassium chloride is to serve as a fertilizer, which offers potassium to plants and prevents them from certain diseases. Besides, it can be applied in food and medical industry. As a treatment for hypokalemia, potassium chloride pills are taken to balance the blood's potassium levels and prevent potassium deficiency in the blood. In food industry, it serves as a electrolyte replenisher and a good salt substitute for food, as well as a firming agent to give consistent texture to food, thus to strengthen its structure.
Chemical Properties
Potassium chloride occurs as odorless, colorless crystals or a white crystalline powder, with an unpleasant, saline taste. The crystal lattice is a face-centered cubic structure. Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineralsylvite (KCl) and as carnallite(KCl·MgCl2·6H2O); it is produced industriallyby fractional crystallizationof these deposits or of solutions fromlake brines. It has the interesting property of being more soluble than sodium chloride in hot water but less soluble in cold. It has low toxicity.
Uses
- Potassium chloride is a widely used reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology. It is a component of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Product No. P 3813) and of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) buffer (50 mM KCl).
- KCl is also used in studies of ion transport and potassium channels.
- KCl is also utilized in the solubilization, extraction, purification, and crystallization of proteins.
- The use of KCl in the crystallization of histone core octamers has been reported.
Production Methods
Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite or sylvine; it also occurs in other minerals such as sylvinite, carnallite, and kainite. Commercially, potassium chloride is obtained by the solar evaporation of brine or by the mining of mineral deposits.
Definition
ChEBI: Potassium chloride is a metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is a potassium salt, an inorganic chloride and an inorganic potassium salt.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Potassium chloride has been used for many years to correct potassium deficiency. The use of fast-acting tablets has been associated with lesions of the gastro-intestinal mucosa, which have led to their general withdrawal.
General Description
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a water-soluble metal salt that comprises of potassium and chlorine. It can be extracted from minerals and salt water. KCl can be used in industries such as cosmetics, food, biomedical, chemical and fertilizer.
Air & Water Reactions
Hygroscopic. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Potassium chloride is not in general strongly reactive. Violent reaction with BrF3 and with a mixture of sulfuric acid potassium permanganate mixture . Reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to generate fumes of hydrogen chloride.
Health Hazard
Potassium chloride is an essential constituent of the body for intracellular osmotic pressure and buffering, cell permeability, acid-base balance, muscle contraction and nerve function.
SYMPTOMS: Large doses of Potassium chloride usually induce vomiting, so acute intoxication by mouth is rare. If no pre-existing kidney damage, it is rapidly excreted. Poisoning disturbs the rhythm of heart. Large doses by mouth can cause gastrointestinal irritation, purging, weakness, and circulatory disturbances.
Fire Hazard
Flammability data is not available, but Potassium chloride is probably nonflammable.
Agricultural Uses
Muriate of potash or potassium chloride (KCl), is a major potash fertilizer. It is water soluble and is generally blended with other components to make it a multi-nutrient fertilizer. It has a higher salt index than potassium sulphate and is recommended for most crops except tobacco, potato and grapes, which are sensitive to chloride ions.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Potassium chloride is widely used in a variety of parenteral and
nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. Its primary use, in
parenteral and ophthalmic preparations, is to produce isotonic
solutions.
Potassium chloride is also used therapeutically in the treatment
of hypokalemia.
Many solid-dosage forms of potassium chloride exist including:
tablets prepared by direct compression and granulation;
effervescent tablets; coated, sustained-release tablets; sustained-
release wax matrix tablets;microcapsules;pellets;
and osmotic pump formulations.
Experimentally, potassium chloride is frequently used as a model
drug in the development of new solid-dosage forms, particularly for
sustained-release or modified-release products.
Potassium chloride is also used widely in the food industry as a
dietary supplement, pH control agent, stabilizer, thickener, and
gelling agent. It can also be used in infant formulations.
Industrial uses
Potassium chloride is a colorless or white crystallinecompound of the composition KCl, usedfor molten salt baths for the heat treatment ofsteels. The specific gravity is 1.987. A bathcomposed of three parts potassium chloride andtwo parts barium chloride is used for hardeningcarbon-steel drills and other tools. Steel toolsheated in this bath and quenched in a 3% sulfuricacid solution have a very bright surface.A common bath is made up of potassium chlorideand common salt and can be used for temperaturesup to 900°C.
Potassium chloride is used in the porcelainenamel industry as a setting-up agent in titaniumcover coats. In general, the quantities ofpotassium chloride, when used as an electrolyte,will be approximately the same as sodiumnitrite, which it replaces. However, KCl doesnot aid tearing resistance as does nitrite. Themain advantage in using potassium chloride isthe freedom from yellowing or creaming whenused in a blue-white enamel. Potassium chloridemay exert an adverse effect on the glossand may cause a slight decrease in the acidresistingproperties of the enamel, although thelatter effect is somewhat debatable.
Safety Profile
A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: nausea, blood clotting changes, carhac arrhythmias. An eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with BrF3; sulfuric acid + potassium permanganate. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O and Cl-.
storage
Potassium chloride tablets become increasingly hard on storage at
low humidities. However, tablets stored at 76% relative humidity
showed no increase or only a slight increase in hardness.The
addition of lubricants, such as 2% w/w magnesium stearate,
reduces tablet hardness and hardness on aging.Aqueous
potassium chloride solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or
by filtration.
Potassium chloride is stable and should be stored in a well-closed
container in a cool, dry place.
Purification Methods
Dissolve it in conductivity water, filter it, and saturate it with chlorine (generated from conc HCl and KMnO4). Excess chlorine is boiled off, and the KCl is precipitated by HCl (generated by dropping conc HCl into conc H2SO4). The precipitate is washed with water, dissolved in conductivity water at 90-95o, and crystallised by cooling to about -5o. The crystals are drained at the centrifuge, dried in a vacuum desiccator at room temperature, then fused in a platinum dish under N2, cooled and stored in a desiccator. Potassium chloride has also been sublimed in a stream of pre-purified N2 gas and collected by electrostatic discharge [Craig & McIntosh Can J Chem 30 448 1952].
Incompatibilities
Potassium chloride reacts violently with bromine trifluoride and
with a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate. The
presence of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, and magnesium
chloride decreases the solubility of potassium chloride in water.
Aqueous solutions of potassium chloride form precipitates with
lead and silver salts.
Intravenous aqueous potassium chloride solutions are incompatible
with protein hydrolysate.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections, ophthalmic preparations, oral capsules, and tablets). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_chloride
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00761
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-potassium-chloride-uses-formula-side-effects.html
Potassium chloride Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
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Supplier | Advantage |
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GLR Innovations | 58 |
SAGAR LIFE SCIENCES PVT LTD | 58 |
ANJI BIOSCIENCES | 58 |
SUKHA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES | 58 |
Rishi Chemical Works Pvt Ltd | 58 |
Indiana ChemPort | 58 |
Yogi Dye Chem Industries | 58 |
Grefuel Private Limited | 58 |
S.V ENTERPRISES | 58 |
UNILOSA INTERNATINAL PRIVATE LIMITED | 58 |
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