ガリウムトリニトラート 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶〜結晶性粉末又は塊
溶解性
水, エタノールに易溶。エーテルに不溶。水に溶ける。
用途
分析におけるガリウムイオン供給源。
用途
高純度金属化合物。
使用上の注意
純度は金属ベースで差数法によって算出したもので、重量又は容量分析等の化学的方法によるものではありません。使用目的により、正確な含量が必要な場合は、それらの方法によって測定する必要があります。
説明
Gallium nitrate, initially developed as an anticancer agent, was introduced by Fujisawa
as an orphan drug for the treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia and bone
metastases that do not respond to adequate hydration. The compound acts specifically
on bone by inhibiting calcium resorption and also possibly by stimulating bone
formation. Compared with calcitonin and etidronate, gallium nitrate is more potent and
substantially longer acting. Other potential uses could be in the treatment of
osteoporosis and Paget’s disease.
化学的特性
The structural formula of gallium nitrate is Ga(NO3)3. Gallium nitrate is an
anhydrate salt that is very soluble in water and soluble in 95%
ethanol. It is stable in commonly used intravenous fluids for
14 days at room temperature and at 5 ℃, and physically
compatible for injection with selected drug products, with the
exception of diazepam injection.This chemical is an oxidizer, and is probably combustible
使用
Gallium is the second metal ion with clinical activity used in
cancer treatment. Gallium nitrate has demonstrated
antitumor activity in a variety of murine tumor models,
including Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, fibrosarcoma M-89,
leukemia K-1964, adenocarcinoma 755, mammary carcinoma
YMC, reticulum cell sarcoma A-RCS, lymphoma
P1798, and osteosarcoma 124F. It was, however,
ineffective in ascites, leukemias, plasma cell tumors, or
Ehrlich carcinoma. In phase II evaluation studies, gallium
nitrate has shown antitumor activity in patients with either
refractory lymphomas or small-cell lung carcinomas or
bladder cancer, with total objective response rates of 28%
and 11%, respectively. This drug has displayed its strongest
antineoplastic activity in the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma and bladder cancer.
In addition, according to two phase III comparative
trials,thanks to an inhibitory effect on calcium reabsorption
from bone, gallium nitrate is superior to alternative
therapies in the treatment of hypercalcemia associated with
malignancy and related disease states. Based on its clinical
efficacy, gallium nitrate (Ganite ) was approved by the Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancerassociated
hypercalcemia.
Apart from its ability to control hypercalcemia, gallium
nitrate has been shown to inhibit bone turnover and
decrease osteolysis in patients with multiple myeloma
and in patients with bone metastases from a variety of
different cancers.
一般的な説明
White crystals.
空気と水の反応
Deliquescent. Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Oxidizing agents, such as GALLIUM NITRATE, can react with reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be gaseous (causing pressurization of closed containers). The products may themselves be capable of further reactions (such as combustion in the air). The chemical reduction of materials in this group can be rapid or even explosive, but often requires initiation (heat, spark, catalyst, addition of a solvent). Explosive mixtures of inorganic oxidizing agents with reducing agents often persist unchanged for long periods if initiation is prevented. Such systems are typically mixtures of solids, but may involve any combination of physical states. Some inorganic oxidizing agents are salts of metals that are soluble in water; dissolution dilutes but does not nullify the oxidizing power of such materials. Organic compounds, in general, have some reducing power and can in principle react with compounds in this class. Actual reactivity varies greatly with the identity of the organic compound. Inorganic oxidizing agents can react violently with active metals, cyanides, esters, and thiocyanates.
火災危険
Flash point data for GALLIUM NITRATE are not available, but GALLIUM NITRATE is probably combustible.
応用例（製薬）
In clinical trials, gallium nitrate has proved to be highly active as an antitumour agent especially against non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and bladder cancer. The cytotoxic activity of gallium nitrate has been demonstrated as single agent and as part of combination therapy, for example, together with fluorouracil. Gallium nitrate shows a relatively low toxicity and does not produce myelosuppression, which is a significant advantage over other traditional anticancer agents. Furthermore, it does not appear to show any cross-resistance with conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
These studies have also shown that gallium nitrate is able to decrease serum calcium levels in patients with tumour-induced hypercalcaemia. Subsequently, several studies have been carried out comparing traditional bisphosphonate drugs with gallium nitrate in their ability to decrease the calcium levels that are elevated as a result of cancer. Based on the clinical efficacy, gallium nitrate injections (Ganite
TM) was granted approval by the FDA for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcaemia. Gallium nitrate is also believed to inhibit the bone turnover and therefore to decrease osteolysis, the active reabsorption of bone material, in patients with bone metastasis secondary to other cancers.
発がん性
Studies on the antitumor activity
of gallium nitrate have shown that it is particularly active
against solid tumors. It has demonstrated antitumor
activity in a variety of murine tumor models, including Walker carcinosarcoma 256, fibrosarcoma M-89, leukemia
K-1964, adenocarcinoma 755, mammary carcinoma YMC,
reticulum cell sarcoma A-RCS, lymphoma P1798, and osteosarcoma
124F.
ガリウムトリニトラート 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品