カルダモン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ショウガ科の多年草。ショウズク (小豆く) ともいう。インドのマラバール海岸の原産といわれ，生薬として，インド，スリランカ，グアテマラなどで広く栽培されている。高さ 3mほどになり，葉は披針形で，全草ミョウガに似ている。花は別に出る花茎上に数花ずつ集ってつく。白色花で唇弁の周囲は黄色，中央は青色で白い筋がある。 蒴果は2～3mmの三角柱状で独特な芳香があり，カルダモン cardamonと呼ばれる。成熟した 蒴果には，ユーカリプトール，テルピネオール，シネオールなどの精油を含み，種子とともに，健胃剤，風邪薬などに用いる。また，食品調味料，薬用シロップの香料としても利用される。同種の生薬として，セイロンカルダモン，ビャクズク，シュクシャなどがある。
化学的特性
This perennial bears violet-striped, white flowers and aromatic, green fruits on erect or trailing racemes. The small
variety of cardamom (α-minor) cultivated in Malabar is the most valuable variety. This variety has been almost entirely replaced, in
the last 50 years, by the larger variety, β-major. The plant grows more than 2 m tall and exhibits a long rhizome from which the fruitbearing
stalks emerge. The fruits (husks) containing the seed are harvested prior to ripening, which is completed by exposing them
to sunlight. The seeds are subsequently sorted into several commercial qualities based on color, size and origin (Malabar, Cylone,
Mysore). Cardamom has a warm, spicy, aromatic odor that is somewhat pungent and faintly bitter at high concentrations.
天然物の起源
Cardamom is a perennial found in India.
使用
Cardamom is an aromatic used to treat dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, irritable bowel syndrome, gallstones, viruses, the common cold, cough, bronchial congestion, and anorexia. It is most commonly used therapeutically by Ayurvedic practitioners.
精油の成分
The main constituents of the oil are limonene, cineol, d-α-terpineol and terpinyl acetate. Constituents
of cardamom fruit Elettaria cardamomum, Mysore variety from Sri Lanka, include α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, phellandrene,limonene, 1–8-cineol, 8-terpinene, p-cymene, linolool (6.95%); linalyl acetate, β-terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate (51.15%), nerol, geraniol,
nerolidole and other susbtances.* TNO (2000) reported? identification of 156 compounds in cardamom. Of these, 39 were hydrocarbon,
36 alcohols, 19 carbony aldehydes, 9 carbony ketones, 14 acids, 22 esters and the remaining were ethers, phenols, furans and
oxides or epoxides of pyrans or coumarins.
カルダモン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品