デキストリン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色〜うすい褐色, 粉末
定義
本品は、デンプンを部分加水分解して得られるものである。
溶解性
熱水に溶け、冷水に一部溶け、エタノール及びアセトンにほとんど溶けない。水に徐々に溶け、70%エタノールに微溶。
解説
デキストリン，糊精(こせい)ともいう。デンプンを酸、熱、酵素などで加水分解するときに生ずる中間生成物で、デンプンより分子量の小さい多糖の総称。アミロデキストリンともいう。デンプンをわずかに分解した高分子量のものから、ヨウ素デンプン反応を呈しない低分子量のものまで、広範囲のものが含まれる。生体内では唾液(だえき)や小腸内の細菌によってデンプンからデキストリンを生ずる反応が行われる。工業的には、おもに加酸焙焼(ばいしょう)法が行われている。
用途
分析における分散剤。糊料。エキス剤、丸剤などの賦形剤。
化粧品の成分用途
結合剤、親水性増粘剤、吸着剤、増量剤
効能
懸濁剤, 錠結合剤, 錠・カプセル希釈剤, 増粘剤
主な用途／役割
でんぷんを加熱または酸などで処理したもので、粉体のまま約200℃で加熱したものを焙焼デキストリン・ブリチッシュガム、塩酸などの酸で処理したものを白色デキストリン、黄色デキストリンと称している。紙加工用接着剤、紙の表面サイズ剤原料、切手・封筒・壁紙の糊用原料、ユリア樹脂系接着剤などの増粘剤として使用される。
化学的特性
Dextrin is partially hydrolyzed maize (corn), potato or cassava starch. It is a white, pale yellow or brown-colored powder with a slight characteristic odor.
使用
dextrin (British gum; starch gum) absorbs moisture. It is also used as a binder to control product viscosity and reduce the density of a cosmetic. This powder is produced from corn starch and modified by means of a bacterial process. It may cause an allergic reaction.
調製方法
Dextrin is prepared by the incomplete hydrolysis of starch by heating in the dry state with or without the aid ofsuitable acids and buffers; moisture may be added during heating. The PhEur 6.4 specifies that dextrin is derived from maize(corn),potatoorcassava starch. A specification for cassava is included in the USP32–NF27.
定義
A polysaccharide sugar
produced by the action of amylase enzymes
on or the chemical hydrolysis of starch.
Dextrins are used as adhesives.
利点
Slows sugar absorption (suppresses post-meal blood sugar rise);
Intestinal healing effect;
Slows fat absorption (suppresses post-meal triglyceride rise in the blood);
Reduction of visceral fat;
Promotion of mineral absorption.
一般的な説明
Dextrin is basically a sweet sugar extracted from potato starch. Dextrin color range is from white to tan; it has low to high solubilities in cold water, and gives pastes that vary widely in viscosity. It is produced from all commercial grain and tuber starches. During its manufacture, the factors taken into consideration are type of starch and moisture content, roasting time and temperature, and the type and amount of catalyst used.
农业用途
Dextrin is a group of colloidal products, formed by the hydrolysis of starches with dilute acids or by heating dry starch. The yellow or white powder or granules obtained are soluble in boiling water and insoluble in ether or alcohol. Dextrin is used in adhesives, as thickening agents and in penicillin manufacture.
応用例（製薬）
Dextrin is a dextrose polymer used as an adhesive and stiffening agent for surgical dressings. It is also used as a tablet and capsule diluent; as a binder for tablet granulation; as a sugar-coating ingredient that serves as a plasticizer and adhesive; and as a thickening agent for suspensions.
Additionally, dextrin has been used as a source of carbohydrate by people with special dietary requirements because it has a low electrolyte content and is free of lactose and sucrose.
Dextrin is also used in cosmetics.
安全性プロファイル
Mdly toxic by
intravenous route. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
安全性
Dextrin is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material at the levels employed as an excipient. Larger quantities are used as a dietary supplement without adverse effects, although ingestion of very large quantities may be harmful.
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.35g/kg
貯蔵
Physical characteristics of dextrin may vary slightly depending on the method of manufacture and on the source material. In aqueous solutions, dextrin molecules tend to aggregate as density, temperature, pH, or other characteristics change. An increase in viscosity is caused by gel at ion or retro gradation as dextrin solutions age,and is particularly noticeable in the less-soluble maize starch dextrins. Dextrin solutions are thixotropic, becoming less viscous when sheared but changing to a soft paste or gel when allowed to stand. However, acids that are present in dextrin as residues from manufacturing can cause further hydrolysis, which results in a gradual thinning of solutions. Residual acid, often found in lesssoluble dextrins such as pyrodextrin, will also cause a reduction in viscosity during dry storage. To eliminate these problems, dextrin manufacturers neutralize dextrins of low solubility with ammonia or sodium carbonate in the cooling vessel.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.
不和合性
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed.Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database(IV injections, oral tablets and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
デキストリン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品