ノイラミン酸 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ノイラミン酸略称Neu．シアル酸の基本化合物．天然には遊離の形では存在しない．一種のアミノ糖であり，シアル酸はノイラミン酸の置換誘導体である．N-アセチル，N-グリコリルなど種々のN-アシル誘導体として，ムコ多糖，糖タンパク質，糖脂質，人乳のオリゴ糖などの糖鎖末端にグリコシド結合して存在する．もっとも代表的なシアル酸はN-アセチルノイラミン酸である．
説明
Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonon- 2-ulosonic acid) is a 9-carbon monosaccharide, a derivative of a ketononose. Neuraminic acid may be visualized as the product of an aldol-condensation product of pyruvic acid and D-mannosamine (2- amino-2-deoxy-mannose). Neuraminic acid does not occur naturally, but many of its derivatives are found widely distributed in animal tissues and in bacteria, especially in glycoproteins and gangliosides. The N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid are collectively known as sialic acids, the predominant form in mammalian cells being N-acetylneuraminic acid. The amino group bears either an acetyl or a glycolyl group. The hydroxyl substituents may vary considerably: acetyl, lactyl, methyl, sulfate and phosphate groups have been found.
The name "neuraminic acid" was introduced by German scientist E. Klenk in 1941, in reference to the brain lipids from which it was derived as a cleavage product.
The symbol commonly used for neuraminic acid is Neu, and the residue is typically found with additional chemical modifications in biological systems. As a family, these residues are known as sialic acids.
Among their many biological functions, these structures are substrates for neuraminidase enzymes which cleave neuraminic acid residues. Human flu viruses have a neuraminidase enzyme, signified in the name "H#N#", where the H refers to an isoform of hemaglutinin and N refers to an isoform of viral neuraminidase.
使用
Neuraminic Acid plays roles in various viral infections. It functions as a virulence factor for group B streptococci. It is also used in the discrimination of influenza virus strains and in the super high sensitive detection of viruses using sugar-chip and sugar-chain immobilized gold nanoparticles.
ノイラミン酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品