グリコピロニウム臭化物 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色粉末～結晶
効能
消化性潰瘍薬, 気管支拡張薬, ムスカリン受容体拮抗薬
商品名
シーブリ (ノバルティスファーマ)
説明
Glycopyrrolate is an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs; K
is = 0.42, 1.77, 0.52, 0.78, and 1.29 nM for the M
1-M
5 receptors, respectively). It induces relaxation of precontracted isolated human bronchi when used at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM. Glycopyrrolate reduces post-prandial gastric antral motility in dogs when administered at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg. It inhibits salivation in a rat model of sialorrhea induced by pilocarpine with an ED
50 value of 0.74 μg/kg. Formulations containing glycopyrrolate have been used in the treatment of sialorrhea, peptic ulcers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
化学的特性
White Solid
使用
Glycopyrrolate inhibits secretion of digestive juices and restores normal stomach function.
It is used for treating stomach ulcers, inflamed intestine, and also as a pre-operational drug
for inhibiting excess stomach secretion.
使用
A synthetic, quaternary ammonium anticholinergic. Antispasmodic; preanesthetic medicant.
定義
ChEBI: A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.
一般的な説明
Glycopyrrolate, 3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide -cyclopentylmandelate(Robinul), occurs as a white, crystalline powder that is solublein water or alcohol but practically insoluble in chloroformor ether.
Glycopyrrolate is a typical anticholinergic and possesses,at adequate dosage levels, the atropine-like effectscharacteristic of this class of drugs. It has a spasmolyticeffect on the musculature of the GI tract as well as the genitourinarytract. It diminishes gastric and pancreatic secretionsand the quantity of perspiration and saliva. Its sideeffects are also typically atropine-like (i.e., dryness of themouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, constipation).Glycopyrrolate is a more potent antagonist on M1 than onM2 and M3 receptors. The low affinity of M2 receptorsmay, in part, explain the low incidence of tachycardiaduring use of this drug as an antispasmodic.77 Because ofits quaternary ammonium character, glycopyrrolate rarelycauses CNS disturbances, although in sufficiently highdosage, it can bring about ganglionic and myoneural junctionblock.
作用機序
Glycopyrrolate exhibits onset of action within 1 minute when given intravenously and an elimination half-life of approximately 50 minutes. Glycopyrrolate undergoes urinary excretion and elimination.
臨床応用
Glycopyrrolate is used as an adjunct in the management of pepticulcer and other GI ailments associated with hyperacidity,hypermotility, and spasm. In common with other anticholinergics,its use does not preclude dietary restrictions or use ofantacids and sedatives if these are indicated.
副作用
- dry mouth
- blurred vision
- vision problems
- loss of taste
- headache
- nervousness
- confusion
- drowsiness
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intravenous
and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic
by ingestion and subcutaneous routes.
Experimental reproductive effects. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of NOx and Br-. See also BROMIDES.
合成
Glycopyrrolate, 3-[(cyclopentylhydroxyphenylacetyl)oxy]-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide (14.1.22), is synthesized from the methyl ester of |á-cyclopentylmandelic acid (14.1.20) by transesterification using 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyrrolidine as an
alcohol component, which forms the ester (14.1.21), which is further transformed into a
quaternary salt upon reaction with methylbromide, giving glycopyrrolate (14.1.22). The
starting methyl ester of |á-cyclopentylmandelic acid (14.1.20) is synthesized by reacting
cyclopentylmagnesiumbromide with the methyl ester of phenylglyoxylic acid [17,18].
グリコピロニウム臭化物 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品