ニトロエタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ニトロエタン.クロロエタンと亜硝酸銀を加熱するか,工業的には,気相でエタンをNO2でニトロ化すると得られる.無色の液体.融点約-50 ℃,沸点114~115 ℃.d20201.052.n20D1.3917.ほとんどの有機溶剤に可溶,水に難溶,有機溶媒やアルカリ水溶液に可溶.芳香臭を有する.セルロース誘導体,ビニル樹脂などの合成樹脂,染料,油脂などの有機溶剤として工業的に重要である.眼,粘膜などを刺激する.
用途
安定剤、農薬原料、溶剤、爆薬、ロケット燃料
化学的特性
Nitroethane is a colorless, oily liquid with a
mild, fruity odor. The Odor Threshold is 163 ppm.
物理的性質
Colorless, very flammable liquid with a fruity odor. Odor threshold concentration is 2.1 ppm
(quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). Concentrated mixtures usually contain 98 wt % nitroethane
and 2 wt % moisture.
使用
Solvent, artificial fingernail glue remover; in organic syntheses. Experimentally as liquid propellant.
調製方法
Industrial production of nitroethane is by vapor-phase nitration of propane with
nitric acid, followed by fractional distillation (Baker and Bollmeier 1978). U.S.
production was greater than 454 kg in 1975 (HSDB 1988).
定義
ChEBI: A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.
一般的な説明
A colorless oily liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point of 82°F. Decomposes above 350°F. Density 1.052 g / cm3. Vapors much heavier than air. and insoluble in water. Vapors may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used as a propellant and as a solvent.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
The nitroparaffins, nitromethane, nitropropane, etc. form salts with inorganic bases such as calcium hydroxide. The dry salts are explosive [Chem. Eng. News 30:2344. 1952]. Nitroethane and other nitro compounds are mild oxidizers and should not be heated with easily oxidizable hydrocarbons under confinement [Chem. Eng. News 30:2344. 1940].
危険性
Moderate fire risk.Upper respiratory tract
irritant, central nervous system impairment, and
liver damage.
健康ハザード
Nitroethane is irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes (HSDB 1988),
however, there have been no reports of serious toxic effects of the chemical in
humans.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen may form in fire.
工業用途
Nitroethane is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, vinyl and other resins and
waxes and as a solvent in batteries (Baker and Bollmeier 1978).
安全性プロファイル
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Causes
injury to liver and hdneys. An eye and
mucous membrane irritant. Flammable
liquid when exposed to heat, sparks, flame,
or oxidizers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam,
CO2, dry chemical; water can blanket fire.
Incompatible with Ca(OH)2, hydrocarbons,
hydroxides, inorganic bases, KOH, NaOH,
metal oxides, Explodes when heated. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of NOx. See also NITRO
COMPOUNDS.
職業ばく露
Nitroethane is used as solvent for
polymers, cellulose esters; vinyl, waxes, fats, dyestuffs, and
alkyd resins; as a stabilizer. It has been used as a rocket
propellant. It is used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical
manufacture and in pesticide manufacture.
環境運命予測
Chemical/Physical. 2-Nitroethane will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable
functional group.
輸送方法
UN2842 Nitroethane, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
純化方法
Purify it as described for nitromethane below. A spectroscopic impurity can be removed by shaking it with activated alumina, decanting and distilling it rapidly. [Beilstein 1 IV 170.]
不和合性
A nitroparaffin, nitroethane forms explosive
mixture with air. Explodes when heated or when
shocked; in confined area, with elevated temperatures. A
strong reducing agent. Violent reaction with oxidizers,
hydrocarbons, other combustibles; amines, metal oxides.
Forms shock-sensitive compounds with strong acids; strong
alkalis. Attacks some plastics and coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Incineration: large quantities
of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic
or scrubbing processes.
ニトロエタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
DL-フェニルプロパノールアミン 塩酸塩
6-フルオロピコリン酸
3,5-ジメチルイソオキサゾール-4-カルボン酸エチル
ニトロメタン
メチルチオアセトアルデヒドオキシム
メチルドーパ
1-ニトロプロパン
2-ニトロプロパン
2-メトキシフェニルアセトン
3-メチル-4-イソオキサゾールカルボン酸
3,5-ジメチルイソオキサゾール-4-カルボニルクロリド
(S)-2-ヒドラジノ-2-メチル-3-(3,4-ジヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン酸
1-(2-フルオロフェニル)プロパン-2-オン
2-(8-BROMO-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-BENZO[1,2-B:4,5-B']DIFURAN-4-YL)-1-METHYL-ETHYLAMINE
2-フルオロイソニコチン酸
3,5-ジメチル-4-イソオキサゾールカルボン酸
アセトニトリル
(1R,2S)-(-)-ノルエフェドリン