말레인산

말레인산 속성

말레인산 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

용도

공업용 용도로는 ① 주택용 욕조, 세면대 및 자동차관련 용도의 불포화폴리에스테르수지 ② 푸마르산, 호박산 등의 식품용 ③ THF 및 PBT수지용 1.4 BDO(부탄디올)의 원료, 세정제 및 2차전지용 GBL(감마 부티로락탐)의 원료 ④ 기타 종이사이징제, 잉크, 도료, 수지의 개질제 등에 사용한다.
시약용 용도로는 화학적 방법에 의한 물질의 검출이나 정량을 위한 R&D용으로 사용한다.  

개요

Maleic acid is an organic compound that is a dicarboxylic acid, a molecule with two carboxyl groups. Its chemical formula is HO₂CCHCHCO₂H. Maleic acid is the cis-isomer of butenedioic acid, where as fumaric acid is the trans-isomer. It is mainly used as a precursor to fumaric acid, and relative to its parent maleic anhydride, maleic acid has few applications.

화학적 성질

Maleic acid, also known as maleinic acid and toxilic acid, is a white crystalline (monoclinic) powder and possesses a faint acidulous odor and an astringent taste. It is soluble in water and alcohol. Maleic acid and fumaric acid are the simplest unsaturated carboxylic diacids. These acids experience two-step dissociation in aqueous solutions.They have the same structural formula but different spatial configurations. Fumaric acid is the trans and maleic acid the cis isomer. The physical properties of maleic acid and fumaric acid are very different. The cis isomer is less stable. Maleic acid is used in the preparation of fumaric acid by catalytic isomerization.

물리적 성질

Maleic acid is a less stable molecule than fumaric acid. The difference in heat of combustion is 22.7 kJ·mol?1. The heat of combustion is -1355 kJ / mole. Maleic acid is more soluble in water than fumaric acid. The melting point of maleic acid (135 °C) is also much lower than that of fumaric acid (287 °C). Both properties of maleic acid can be explained on account of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding that takes place in maleic acid at the expense of intermolecular interactions, and that are not possible in fumaric acid for geometric reasons.

생산 방법

Maleic anhydride is the main source of maleic acid produced by hydration. Maleic anhydride is prepared commercially by the oxidation of benzene or by the reaction of butane with oxygen in the presence of a vanadium catalyst.

정의

ChEBI: Maleic acid is a butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a maleate(1-) and a maleate.

주요 응용

Maleic acid is an industrial raw material for the production of glyoxylic acid by ozonolysis. It may be used to form acid addition salts with drugs to make them more stable, such as indacaterol maleate. Maleic acid is also used in manufacturing synthetic resins; in textile processing; in preserving oils and fats; to retard rancidity of fats and oils in 1:10,000 (these are said to keep 3 times longer than those without the acid); dyeing and finishing wool, cotton, and silk; preparing the maleate salts of antihistamines and similar drugs.

화학 반응

Although not practised commercially, maleic acid can be converted into maleic anhydride by dehydration, to malic acid by hydration, and to succinic acid by hydrogenation (ethanol / palladium on carbon). It reacts with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride to give the maleic acid chloride (it is not possible to isolate the mono acid chloride). Maleic acid, being electrophilic, participates as a dienophile in many Diels - Alder reactions.

일반 설명

Maleic acid is a colorless crystalline solid having a faint odor. Maleic acid is combustible though Maleic acid may take some effort to ignite. Maleic acid is soluble in water. Maleic acid is used to make other chemicals and for dyeing and finishing naturally occurring fibers.

공기와 물의 반응

Soluble in water.

반응 프로필

Maleic acid is a colorless to white crystalline solid. Moderately toxic. When heated to decomposition Maleic acid emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 790].

위험도

Toxic by ingestion.

건강위험

Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

화재위험

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating smoke containing maleic anhydride may form in fire.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Maleic acid is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a pH modifier and a buffering agent.It is also used to prevent rancidity of oils and fats; a ratio of 1 : 10 000 is usually sufficient to retard rancidity. Maleic acid is commonly used as a pharmaceutical intermediate to form the maleate salts of several categories of therapeutic agents, such as salts of antihistamines and other drug substances.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Passes through intact skin. A skin and severe eye irritant and a corrosive. Believed to be more toxic than its isomer, fumeric acid. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Safety

Maleic acid is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material when used at low levels as an excipient. Maleic acid is used in oral, topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations in addition to food products.
LD₅₀ (mouse, oral): 2.40g/kg(7)
LD₅₀ (rabbit, skin): 1.56g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, oral): 0.708g/kg

잠재적 노출

Maleic acid is used to make artificial resins, antihistamines, and to preserve (retard rancidity) of fats and oils

Carcinogenicity

In chronic feeding studies, 12 Osborne–Mendel rats per group were fed 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% maleic acid in their diets for 2 years. Concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5% maleic acid retarded the growth rate of rats, and all concentrations of maleic acid increased mortality rate; no tumorigenesis was reported. Toxicological differences from controls were not marked, and the pathology was nonspecific.

저장

Maleic acid converts into the much higher-melting fumaric acid (mp: 287°C) when heated to a temperature slightly above its melting point.
Maleic acid is combustible when exposed to heat or flame. The bulk material should be stored in airtight glass containers and protected from light. It is recommended not to store it above 25°C.

운송 방법

UN2215 Maleic acid, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

Crystallise the acid from acetone/pet ether (b 60-80o) or hot water. Dry it at 100o. [Beilstein 2 H 748, 2 I 303, 2 II 641, 2 III 1911, 2 IV 2199.]

비 호환성

Maleic acid can react with oxidizing materials. Aqueous solutions are corrosive to carbon steels.

폐기물 처리

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. Liquid: incinerate after mixing with a flammable solvent. Use afterburner for complete combustion. Solid: dissolve in a flammable solvent or package in paper and burn. See above

Regulatory Status

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM and IV injections; oral tablets and capsules; topical applications). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK.

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말레인산 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
XuZhou Magic Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	+undefined13921770081	SVP01@magicbiotech.cn	China	92	58
Hebei Weibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8615531157085	abby@weibangbio.com	China	8807	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+86 13288715578 +8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12834	58
Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co., Ltd.	+8617531190177	peter@yan-xi.com	China	5857	58
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co,.LTD	+86-13131129325	sales1@chuanghaibio.com	China	5889	58
Hebei Weibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8617732866630	bess@weibangbio.com	China	18151	58
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	20283	58
Hebei Saisier Technology Co., LTD	+86-18400010335 +86-18034520335	admin@hbsaisier.cn	China	1016	58
Apeloa production Co.,Limited	+8619933239880	admin@apcl.com.cn	China	852	58
Hebei Zhuanglai Chemical Trading Co.,Ltd	+8613343047651	admin@zlchemi.com	China	3002	58

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