p-니트로페놀
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p-니트로페놀 속성
- 녹는점
- 112 °C
- 끓는 점
- 279 °C(lit.)
- 밀도
- 1,27 g/cm3
- 증기압
- 0.6 mm Hg ( 120 °C)
- 굴절률
- 1.5723 (estimate)
- 인화점
- 169 °C
- 저장 조건
- 2-8°C
- 용해도
- 에탄올: 가용성 95%, 투명, 진한 노란색(100mg/mL)
- 산도 계수 (pKa)
- 7.15(at 25℃)
- 물리적 상태
- 결정질 분말, 결정 및/또는 덩어리
- 색상
- 노란색에서 갈색으로
- Specific Gravity
- 1.479
- 냄새
- 냄새 없는
- 수소이온지수(pH)
- 4.4 (5g/l, H2O, 24℃)(anhydrous substance)
- pH 범위
- 5.3(colorless)-7.6(Yellow)
- 수용성
- 1.6g/100mL(25℃)
- 감도
- Light Sensitive
- 최대 파장(λmax)
- 320nm, 405nm
- Merck
- 14,6620
- BRN
- 1281877
- Henry's Law Constant
- 1.63 x 10-7 at 5 °C (average derived from six field experiments, Lüttke and Levsen, 1997)
- 안정성
- 안정적인. 강산화제, 강염기, 유기물, 가연성 물질, 환원제와 호환되지 않습니다. 타기 쉬운.
- 주요 응용
- Display device, solar cells, nanoparticles, electrolytic capacitors, lithographic printing plate, leak detection method, falsification-proof security paper, correction fluid, detergent, fertilizer, identifying fresh and stale rice, diapers, detecting lactic acid bacteria, drug delivery, evaluating dental caries activity
- CAS 데이터베이스
- 100-02-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
안전
- 위험 및 안전 성명
- 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 | Xn,T,F | ||
---|---|---|---|
위험 카페고리 넘버 | 20/21/22-33-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11 | ||
안전지침서 | 28-28A-45-36/37-16-7 | ||
유엔번호(UN No.) | UN 1663 6.1/PG 3 | ||
WGK 독일 | 2 | ||
RTECS 번호 | SM2275000 | ||
F 고인화성물질 | 8 | ||
자연 발화 온도 | 541 °F | ||
TSCA | Yes | ||
위험 등급 | 6.1 | ||
포장분류 | III | ||
HS 번호 | 29089000 | ||
유해 물질 데이터 | 100-02-7(Hazardous Substances Data) | ||
독성 | LD50 orally in mice, rats: 467, 616 mg/kg, K.C. Back et al., Reclassification of Materials Listed as Transportation Health Hazards (TSA-20-72-3; PB214-270, 1972) | ||
기존화학 물질 | KE-26012 |
p-니트로페놀 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
용도
여러 가지 중요한 유기화합물의 원료로 쓰이는 외에 지시약으로도 쓰이고, pH 5.6~7.5에서 무색에서 황색으로 변한다.개요
4-Nitrophenol (also called p-nitrophenol or 4-hydroxynitrobenzene) is a phenolic compound that has a nitro group at the opposite position of hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. 4-Nitrophenol shows two polymorphs in the crystalline state. The alpha form is colorless pillars, unstable at room temperature, and stable toward sunlight. The beta form is yellow pillars, stable at room temperature, and gradually turns red upon irradiation of sunlight. Usually 4-nitrophenol exists as a mixture of these two forms. Generally, 4-nitrophenol is used in manufacturing of drugs (e.g., acetaminophen), fungicides, methyl and ethyl parathion insecticides, and dyes, and to darken leather.화학적 성질
Yellow to tan crystals or powder (mixed α- and β-forms), The (metastable) α-form crystallizes from toluene above 63°C, and the yellow, prismatic β-form crystallizes from toluene below 63°C. 4-Nitrophenol is not steam volatile and is much more soluble in water (30 % at 100°C) than the ortho isomer.용도
4-Nitrophenol is used in dyestuff and pesticide synthesis, as a fungicide, bactericide, and wood preservative, as a chemical indicator, and as a substrate for experiments on cytochrome P450 2E1.정의
ChEBI: 4-nitrophenol is a member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-nitrophenolate.주요 응용
4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is used to manufacture pharmaceuticals, fungicides, insecticides, and dyes and to darken leather. Indicator in 0.1% alcohol solution. pH: 5.6 colorless, 7.6 yellow. It can be used to prepare 4-aminophenol (4-AP), a key intermediate for the manufacture of analgesic and antipyretic drugs.제조 방법
4-Nitrophenol was synthesized from p-nitrochlorobenzene by hydrolysis and acidification. Add 2320-2370L of sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 137-140g/L to the hydrolysis pot, and then add 600kg of molten p-nitrochlorobenzene. Heat to 152℃, pressure in the pot is 0.4MPa, then stop heating, the hydrolysis reaction exotherm makes the temperature and pressure rise naturally to 165℃, about 0.6MPa. keep 3h and take sample to check the end point of the reaction, after the reaction is finished, the hydrolysate is cooled to 120℃. Add 600L water and 50L concentrated sulfuric acid to the crystallization pot, press into the above hydrolysis and cool to about 50℃, add concentrated sulfuric acid to make the Congo red test paper purple, continue to cool to 30℃, filter, centrifuge to shake off the water, get more than 90% of 4-nitrophenol about 500kg, 92% yield.일반 설명
4-nitrophenol appears as a white to light yellow crystalline solid. Contact may severely irritate skin and eyes. Poisonous by ingestion and moderately toxic by skin contact.공기와 물의 반응
Soluble in hot water and more dense than water.반응 프로필
4-Nitrophenol is a slightly yellow, crystalline material, moderately toxic. Mixtures with diethyl phosphite may explode when heated. Decomposes exothermally, emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 941]. Decomposes violently at 279°C and will burn even in absence of air [USCG, 1999]. Solid mixtures of the nitrophenol and potassium hydroxide (1:1.5 mol) readily deflagrate [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].위험도
Toxic by ingestion.건강위험
Acute inhalation or ingestion of 4-nitrophenol in humans causes headaches, drowsiness, nausea, and cyanosis. Contact with the eyes causes irritation.A study examining the acute effects of 4-nitrophenol from inhalation exposure in rats reported an increase in methemoglobin and corneal opacity.
Tests involving acute exposure of rats and mice have shown 4-nitrophenol to have high toxicity from oral and dermal exposure.
Safety Profile
4-Nitrophenol is used to manufacture drugs, fungicides, insecticides, and dyes and to darken leather. Acute (short-term) inhalation or ingestion of 4-nitrophenol in humans causes headaches, drowsiness, nausea, and cyanosis (blue color in lips, ears, and fingernails). Contact with eyes causes irritation in humans. No information is available on the chronic (long-term) effects of 4-nitrophenol in humans or animals from inhalation or oral exposure. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of 4-nitrophenol in humans. EPA has not classified 4-nitrophenol for potential carcinogenicity.Synthesis
4-Nitrophenol is synthesized by Nitration of para-Toluenesulfonic ester of Phenol, followed by hydrolysis is obtained a fairly pure material.신진 대사 경로
4-[U-14C]Nitrophenol is conjugated as its b-glucoside (ca 22% of applied 14C) and gentiobioside, glc- b(126)-glc-b-4-nitrophenol (ca 64%), while about 7% of the parent remains unchanged in cell suspension cultures of Datura stramonium (L.). Gal-b-4-nitrophenol is found to be a minor metabolite.Purification Methods
Crystallise 4-nitrophenol from water (which may be acidified, e.g. with N H2SO4 or 0.5N HCl), EtOH, aqueous MeOH, CHCl3, *benzene or pet ether, then dry it in vacuo over P2O5 at 25o. It can be sublimed at 60o/10-4mm. The 4-nitrobenzoate had m 159o (from EtOH). [Beilstein 6 IV 1279.]p-니트로페놀 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
2,6-디클로로인도페놀 나트륨 염
2,6-디브로모-4-니트로페놀
비스(4-아미노페닐) 에테르
BIS(4-NITROPHENYL) CARBONATE
파라옥손
2-니트로페놀
4 니트로페네톨
P-니트로페닐 인산, 디나트륨 염, 헥사수화물
4-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
2-하이드록시-5-니트로벤질브로마이드
4-아미노페놀
4-NITROPHENYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE
4-벤질록시아닐린
2-클로로-4-니트로페놀
4-NITROPHENYL-ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE
6-히드록시퀴노린
4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)benzene-1,2-diamine
6-에톡시-2-메르캅토벤조티아졸
3-BENZYLOXYANILINE
4-NITROPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE
C.I. Sulphur Green 21 (8CI)