Why does sodium chloride produce a yellow flame?
Jan 25,2024
Sodium chloride (NaCl) gives a bright yellow-orange in a flame test.
In the hot flame, some of the sodium ions regain their electrons to form neutral sodium atoms again. A sodium atom in an unexcited state has the structure 1s22s22p63s1, but within the flame there will be all sorts of excited states of the electrons.
Sodium's familiar bright orange-yellow flame colour results from promoted electrons falling back from the 3p1 level to their normal 3s1 level.
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