N,N'-Bis(2-chlorethyl)-nitrosoharnstoff Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R46:Kann vererbbare Schäden verursachen.
R60:Kann die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
R28:Sehr giftig beim Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
Carmustine is a nitrogen mustard β-chloro-nitrosourea compound that is used as an alkylating agent. It forms interstrand crosslinks in DNA, which prevents DNA replication and transcription leading to apoptosis. Carmustine is also reported to inhibit glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Carmustine has been tested in clinical trials as a cytostatic agent for Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, myeloma, malignant melanoma, glioblastoma, and other brain tumors.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Carmustine is an orange-yellow crystalline
solid or powder.
Verwenden
Carmustine is a nitrogen mustard β-chloro-nitrosourea compound that is used as an alkylating agent. It forms interstrand crosslinks in DNA, which prevents DNA replication and transcription leading to apoptosis. Carmustine is also reported to inhibit glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Carmustine has been tested in clinical trials as a cytostatic agent for Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, myeloma, malignant melanoma, glioblastoma, and other brain tumors.
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Orange-yellow solid.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Carmustin decomposes rapidly in acid and in solutions above pH 7; most stable in petroleum ether or aqueous solution at pH 4.
Hazard
Extremely toxic, central nervous system
depression, pulmonary fibrosis, renal and hepatic
damage, cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, carcino-
gen.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Carmustin are not available. Carmustin is probably combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed carcinogen withexperimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. A humanpoison by parenteral route. An experimental poison byingestion, intravenous, intraperitoneal, parenteral, andsubcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects byparenteral, int
mögliche Exposition
BCNU has been used since 1971 as an
antineoplastic agent in the treatment of Hodgkin’slymphoma; multiple meyloma; and primary or metastatic
brain tumors. It also has been reported to have antiviral,
antibacterial, and antifungal activity, but no evidence was
found that it is used in these ways. BCNU is not known to
be naturally occurring. Health professionals who handle
this drug (for example, pharmacists, nurses, and physicians)
may possibly be exposed to BCNU during drug preparation, administration, or cleanup; however, the risks can be
avoided through use of containment equipment and proper
work practices
Carcinogenicity
Bis(chloroethyl) nitrosourea (BCNU) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Environmental Fate
It is generally assumed that BCNU exerts its cytotoxicity
through the liberation of alkylating and carbamoylating
moieties. An alkylating entity, particularly chloroethyl carbonium
ion, is strongly electrophilic and can alkylate a variety
of biomolecules, including the purine and pyrimidine bases of
DNA. BCNU causes DNA interstrand cross-linking, which is
associated with cytotoxicity. The carbamoylation of lysine
residues of protein can inactivate certain enzymes, thus interfering
with DNA and RNA synthesis and repair processes. The
inhibition of glutathione reductase by this carbamoylation
further contributes to cytotoxicity.
Versand/Shipping
UN3249 Medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2811 Toxic
solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-
Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Inkompatibilitäten
Acids and acid solutions above pH 7
cause rapid decomposition. Most stable at pH 4 in aqueous
solution or petroleum ether.
Waste disposal
It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or
waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or
discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of
expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet
cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If
possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for
proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely
package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a
state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial
in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or
incinerator.
N,N'-Bis(2-chlorethyl)-nitrosoharnstoff Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
