Enfluran Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft. Sie können sich in tiefer gelegenen Bereichen sammeln und den Luftsauerstoff verdrängen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche (Chlorwasserstoff, Fluorwasserstoff). Greift einige Kunststoffeund Gummian.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 75 ppm (als TWA); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 20 ppm 150 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(8); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Zentralnervensystem und Herzkreislaufsystem. Exposition in hohen Konzentrationen kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit führen.
LECKAGE
Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36:Reizt die Augen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Enflurane is a clear, colorless liquid that easily
turns into a nonflammable gas. Mild, sweet odor
Verwenden
Clinical anesthetic.
Definition
ChEBI: An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Enflurane is a volatile liquid (bp＝56.5°C) with a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.8 and an MAC of 1.68%.Approximately 2% to 8% of the drug is metabolized primarilyat the chlorofluoromethyl carbon. Little chlorofluoroaceticacid is produced suggesting minor metabolism at thedifluoromethyl carbon. Difluoromethoxydifluoroacetate andfluoride ion have been reported as metabolites. Enfluranemay increase heart rate, cause cardiac arrhythmias, increasecerebral blood flow, and increase intracranial pressure but allto a smaller degree than halothane. Enflurane also causeselectroencephalographic (EEG) patterns consistent withelectrical seizure activity. It has caused tonic–clonic convulsiveactivity in patients when used at high concentrations orduring profound hypocarbic periods. Enflurane is thereforenot recommended in patients with seizure disorders.
Reaktivität anzeigen
The material 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER is incompatible with the following oxidizing materials, peroxides, combustible materials. Although nonflammable, a fire may cause 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER to decompose to toxic compounds including phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride. Decomposes slowly in the light.
Hazard
Volatile with anesthetic properties, but nonflammable. Cardiac and central nervous system
impairment. Questionable carcinogen.
Brandgefahr
Noncombustible liquid; flash point >94°C
(200°F); low reactivity. Pressure buildup in a
closed bottle may occur at elevated temper atures.
Clinical Use
Enflurane was introduced into medical practice in the United States in 1973 and is a
clear, colorless, nonflammable general liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Although relatively stable
chemically, enflurane does not attack aluminum, copper, iron, or brass and is soluble in rubber
(partition coefficient = 74), which can prolong induction/recovery times, as seen with halothane.Enflurane has an intermediate solubility in blood and significant potency. Most of its
pharmacological properties are similar to those of halothane, although there may be slightly less
nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, and postoperative shivering than observed with halothane. High
concentrations of enflurane, however, are more likely to produce convulsions and circulatory
depression. Enflurane also relaxes the uterus and, thus, should not be used as an anesthetic
during labor. Metabolism via CYP2E1 accounts for 2% of an inhaled dose and includes
transformation to the fluoride ion and fluoromethoxydifluoroacetic acid. During
recovery, enflurane leaves the fatty tissues rapidly and, therefore, is not available for a prolonged
period of time for significant metabolism to proceed.
Sicherheitsprofil
Mildly toxic by
inhalation, ingestion, and subcutaneous
routes. Human systemic effects by
inhalation: decreased urine volume or
anuria. An experimental teratogen.
Experimental reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. An eye irritant.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
carcinogenic data. An anesthetic. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Fand Cl-. See also ETHERS.
mögliche Exposition
FDA-proprietary drug, used as an
anesthetic (gas). Axphyxiant
Versand/Shipping
UN1851 Medicine, liquid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. Cylinders must
be transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical
damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the
only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport
and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express
written permission of the owner.
Inkompatibilitäten
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or
explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Decomposes
on heating, forming toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen
chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and phosgene. Decomposes in
strong sunlight
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier
Enfluran Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
