Allylamin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS GELBE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden. Mittelstarke Base, reagiert sehr heftig mit Säuren und verätzt Aluminium, Zinn und Zink. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln und Chlorunter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Tränenreizend. Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Inhalation des Dampfes kann zu Lungenödem führen (s.Anm.). ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf den Herzmuskel mit nachfolgenden Gewebeschäden.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Gasdichter Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Allylamine is a primary unsaturated alkylamine and in this
review refers to monoallylamine. Allylamine can also be used
generically to describe the secondary (diallyl-) and tertiary
(triallyl-) amine derivatives of monoallylamine, as well as
other more complex alkylamines. Allylamine is a colorless,
flammable liquid and is volatile and reactive with oxidizing
materials. Allylamine has a strong ammonia odor, is acutely
toxic by all routes of exposure, and produces cardiotoxicity in
a manner that has been well characterized by in vivo and in vitro
methods. In addition to its use as an industrial chemical,
allylamine is utilized as a model compound for basic research
investigations into mechanisms of cardiovascular disease based
on the nature of the cardiac and vascular lesions observed
following allylamine exposure.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Allylamine is a highly flammable, colorless liquid. Strong ammonia odor.
Verwenden
Allylamine ismanufactured fromallyl chloride andammonia.
It is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses, including the
synthesis of rubber, mercurial diuretics, sedatives, and antiseptics
(238). It is also used in the synthesis of ion-exchange
resins.
Vorbereitung Methode
Allylamine is produced by reaction of allyl chloride with ammonia. The amine is
also a natural constituent of foodstuffs (Shumkova and Karpova 1981; Mochalov
et al 1981) and is present in wastewater from oil shale retorting (Daughton et al
1985).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless to light yellow colored liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Flash point below 0°F. Boiling point 130°F. Used to make pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Allylamine reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents and acids. Attacks copper and copper compounds [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 123]. Reacts with hypochlorites to give N-chloroamines, some of which are explosives when isolated [Bretherick 1979. p. 108].
Health Hazard
Allylamine is a strong eye and respiratory tract irritant (Windholz et al 1983) and
exposure to it causes transient irritation of mucous membranes of the nose, eye and
mouth with lacrimation, coryza and sneezing (HSDB 1989). Exposure to 14 p.p.m.
allylamine caused intolerable irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract (Grant
1974).
Brandgefahr
Flammable when exposed to heat, sparks, or flame. Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air over a wide range. Use caution when approaching fire and applying water. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Can react with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition, Allylamine emits toxic fumes. Avoid oxidizing materials. Stable, avoid heating to decomposition. May become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or may react with water with non-violent release of energy.
Industrielle Verwendung
Allylamine is used in the synthesis of ion-exchange resins and for water-dispersible
copolymers useful for water purification and as flocculating agents
(Schweizer et al 1978). The amine is also used for the preparation of pharmaceuticals
including mercurial diuretics and antifungal agents (HSDB 1989).
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by inhalation, ingestion, intraperitoneal, and skin contact routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lacrymation and lung effects. A systemic irritant. Mutation data reported. A severe eye and skin irritant. Extraordnary precautions against fumes are advised. Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidzers. Highly reactive. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. See also ALLYL COMPOUNDS and AMINES.
mögliche Exposition
Compound
Environmental Fate
Allylamine exposure results in myocardial damage and intimal
proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in multiple
animal species. The mechanism for these distinctive cardiovascular
lesions is believed to be related to its bioactivation to
acrolein and possibly hydrogen peroxide. Several lines of
evidence support this hypothesis; SSAO is highly active in
vascular tissue where allylamine predominantly distributes,
incubation of homogenates of vascular tissue with allylamine
results in the generation of acrolein and hydrogen peroxide,and pretreatment with a semicarbazide inhibitor of SSAO
reduces or eliminates the hypercontraction and vasospasm
associated with allylamine exposure in vitro. Researchers have
taken advantage of the distinctive lesions that result from
various exposures to allylamine and have used it as chemical
tool to induce animal models of cardiovascular dysfunction
that resemble human disease.
Versand/Shipping
UN2334 Allylamine, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquids, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.
läuterung methode
Purify allylamine by fractional distillation from calcium chloride. It causes sneezing and tears. [Beilstein 4 IV 1057.]
Inkompatibilitäten
May form explosive mixture with air. Oxidizing materials and acids may cause a violent reaction. Attacks copper and corrodes active metals (i.e., aluminum, zinc, etc.).
Waste disposal
High temperature incineration; encapsulation by resin or silicate fixation.
Allylamin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
