CONCANAMYCIN A

Description

Concanamycin A (80890-47-7) is a potent and specific inhibitor of the vacuolar (V-type) H+-ATPase which can induce apoptotic cell death in various cell lines.1,2?Inhibits cell surface expression of virus envelope glycoproteins.3?Dramatically increases the rate of extracellular vesicle release from a variety of cell types.4?Inhibits autophagy by blocking lysosomal acidification.5

Uses

Concanamycin A has been used:

• as a lysosomal inhibitor in young and old fibroblasts
• as a vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase inhibitor in presynaptic vesicles
• as a lysosomal acidification blocker in HepG2 hepatocytes cells

Uses

Concanamycin A is the major analogue of the concanamycin complex produced by Streptomyces sp.. It has been shown to act as a potent and specific vacuolar-ATPase inhibitor. Concanamycin A inhibits the acidification of organelles and blocks cell surface expression of viral envelope glycoproteins without affecting their synthesis. It also interferes with intracellular protein trafficking and inhibits perforin- and Fas-based lytic pathways in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Concanamycins are structurally related to the bafilomycins.

Definition

ChEBI: A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.

General Description

Chemical structure: macrolide

Biological Activity

Specific inhibitor of V-type (vacuolar) H + -ATPase that displays > 2000-fold selectivity over other H + -ATPases (IC 50 values are 9.2, > 20000, > 20000 and > 20000 nM for yeast V-type, F-type, P-type H + -ATPases and porcine P-type Na + ,K + -ATPase respectively). Blocks cell surface expression of virus envelope glycoproteins without affecting synthesis and exhibits cytotoxicity in several cell lines.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Concanamycin A (ConA) inhibits acidification of organelles and perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. It is a vacuolar-type v-ATPase inhibitor. ConA possesses antiprotozoal and antineoplastic properties. It mediates inhibition of the negative factor (Nef) protein of the human immunodeficiency virus.

storage

Store at -20°C

References

1) Nishihara?et al.?(1995),?Specific inhibitors if vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases induce apoptotic cell death; Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun.,?212?255 2) Hong?et al. (2006),?Nitric oxide production by the vacuolar-type (H+)-ATPase inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A and its possible role in apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,?319?672 3) Muroi?et al.?(1993),?Folimycin (concanamycin A), a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase, blocks intracellular translocation of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus before arrival to the Golgi apparatus; Cell Struct. Function,?18?139 4) Cashikar and Hanson (1987),?A cell-based assay for CD63-containing extracellular vesicles; PLoS One,?14?e0220007 5) Gradzka?et al.?(2018),?Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins are required for effective fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes; Cell Death Dis.,?9?529