クロロジブロモメタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～うすい褐色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水に難溶, アルコール, エーテル等各種有機溶剤と混和。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
用途
標準液調製用。
用途
医薬?農薬?殺菌剤?水処理剤などの中間体
使用上の注意
安定剤としてエタノールを含有するので、標準液を調製する場合はエタノールを除去するか又は含量の補正が必要である。
化学的特性
clear light yellow to orange liquid
使用
A volatile halogenated methane present in trace amounts in drinking water as a result of the water treatment process. It is useful as chain transfer agents in PVC polymerization.
一般的な説明
Clear colorless to yellow-orange liquid. Density 2.451 g / cm3. No flash point.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE is incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and magnesium
健康ハザード
Chlorodibromomethane is a
central nervous system (CNS) depressant at
extremely high concentrations; it is toxic to
the liver and kidneys of rodents and induces
hepatocellular tumors in mice after long-term
exposure.
In animal studies, the oral LD50 typically
ranges between 800 and 1200 mg/kg.1,2 Acute
signs of intoxication include sedation, flaccid
muscle tone, ataxia, and prostration; death is
due to CNS depression. In cases in which death
does not occur until several days after acute
exposure, hepatic and renal injury may be the
cause of death.
火災危険
CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE is probably combustible.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental carcinogenic data. Human
mutation data reported. Compounds of this
type are generally irritating and narcotic. See
also BROMOFORM and CHLOROFORM.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Cland Br-.
職業ばく露
Dibromochloromethane is used
as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of fire
extinguishing agents; aerosol propellants; refrigerants, and
pesticides. Dibromochloromethane has been detected in
drinking water in the United States. It is believed to be
formed by the haloform reaction that may occur during
環境運命予測
Biological. Dibromochloromethane showed significant degradation with gradual adaptation in a
static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At
concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 39 and 25,
respectively. At a substrate concentration of 5 mg/L, 16% was lost due to volatilization after 10 d
(Tabak et al., 1981).
Surface Water. The estimated volatilization half-life of dibromochloromethane from rivers and
streams is 45.9 h (Kaczmar et al., 1984).
Photolytic. Water containing 2,000 ng/μL of dibromochloromethane and colloidal platinum
catalyst was irradiated with UV light. After 20 h, dibromochloromethane degraded to 80 ng/μL
bromochloromethane, 22 ng/μL methyl chloride, and 1,050 ng/μL methane. A duplicate
experiment was performed but 1 g zinc was added. After about 1 h, total degradation was
achieved. Presumed transformation products include methane, bromide, and chloride ions (Wang
and Tan, 1988).
Chemical/Physical. The estimated hydrolysis half-life in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 274 yr
(Mabey and Mill, 1978). Hydrogen gas was bubbled in an aqueous solution containing 18.8 μmol
dibromochloromethane. After 24 h, only 18% of the dibromochloromethane reacted to form
methane and minor traces of ethane. In the presence of colloidal platinum catalyst, the reaction
proceeded at a much faster rate forming the same end products (Wang et al., 1988).
輸送方法
UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo-
sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, and magnesium.
廃棄物の処理
May be destroyed by high-
temperature incinerator equipped with an HCl scrubber.
クロロジブロモメタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品