ビス硝酸バリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶〜結晶性粉末
性質
硝酸バリウムは、消防法において「第1類酸化性固体、硝酸塩類」に指定されています。そのため、自身は不燃性ですが、可燃物と混合することで発火して激しく燃焼する恐れがあるため、取り扱いには注意が必要です。
硝酸バリウムは強力な酸化剤であり、可燃物質や還元物質と反応します。また、加熱すると分解して窒素酸化物を生じ、金属粉末と反応することで火災や爆発の危険性もあります。
溶解性
水に易溶, アルコール, アセトンに微溶。水にやや溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。
解説
硝酸バリウム．水酸化バリウムまたは炭酸バリウムに硝酸を作用させると得られる．無色の正方晶系柱状晶．密度3.24 g cm－3．融点592 ℃．融点以上に熱すると分解して亜硝酸バリウムとなる．潮解性で，水に可溶，エタノール，エーテル，アセトンに不溶．花火(緑色)，真空管，分析試薬，過酸化バリウム製造，医薬品，うわぐすり，光学ガラス原料などに用いられる．有毒．火煙信号（緑色）、花火、火薬のほか、光学ガラスの製造にも用いられる。
用途
定性分析試料、火工品(花火等)、光学ガラス材料。
用途
照明弾、花火等、セラミック原料（光学ガラス他）
製法
硝酸バリウムの製法としては、以下の方法が挙げられます。
- 酸と塩基の反応 例) 2HNO₃＋Ba(OH)₂→Ba(NO₃)₂+2H₂O
- 塩基と酸性酸化物の反応 例) Ba(OH)₂＋N₂O₅→Ba(NO₃)₂＋H₂O
- 塩基性酸化物と酸性酸化物の反応 例) BaO＋2HNO₃→Ba(NO₃)₂＋H₂O
- 塩基性酸化物と酸性酸化物の反応 例) BaO＋N₂O₅→Ba(NO₃)₂
- 弱酸の塩と強酸の反応 例) BaF₂＋2HNO₃→Ba(NO₃)₂＋2HF
- 弱塩基の塩と強塩基の反応 例) Sn(NO₃)₂＋Ba(OH)₂→Ba(NO₃)₂＋Sn(OH)₂
- 活性金属と酸の反応 例) Ba＋2HNO₃→Ba(NO₃)₂＋H₂
説明
Barium nitrate is a stable, strong oxidiser. It is incompatible with combustible material, reducing agents, acids, acid anhydrides, and moisture-sensitive substance. Barium nitrate is poisonous, is a respiratory irritant, and is hazardous if mixed with flammable materials. Barium oxide plus zinc, aluminium and magnesium alloys are combustibles (paper, oil, wood), acids, and oxidisers and is hazardous. Mixtures with finely divided aluminium–magnesium alloys are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to friction or impact. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder, a formula for flash powder, is highly explosive. However, barium nitrate is noncorrosive in presence of glass. It is used in military thermite grenades, in the manufacturing process of barium oxide, in the vacuum tube industry, and in pyrotechnics for green flame.
化学的特性
Barium nitrate is a shiny, white crystalline solid. It forms white crystals that are soluble in water at 20℃. It is formed by the reaction of barium carbonate or barium hydroxide with nitric acid. It is hazardous as magnesium plus barium oxide plus zinc, aluminum and magnesium alloys, combustibles (paper, oil, wood), acids, and oxidizers. Mixtures with nely divided aluminum-magnesium alloys are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to friction or impact. Barium nitrate on contact with combustible materials will ignite. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminum powder, a formula for l ash powder is highly explosive.
物理的性質
Barium nitrate has the molecular formula of Ba(NO3)2 and the molecular weight of 261.3745 g/mol. It is also known as “nitrobarite”. Its CAS number is 10022-31-8. It is soluble in water.
It can be prepared by a number of methods. The reaction between nitric acid and barium metal is one way and reaction with BaO or BaCO3 is another. Barium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate also form the product but ammonia is released as a by-product:
2HNO3 + Ba ---> Ba(NO3)2 +H2
2HNO3 + BaO ---> Ba(NO3)2 +H2O
Ba(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3 ---> Ba(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Barium nitrate can also be prepared by the reaction of barium carbonate or barium carbonate with nitric acid:
BaCO3 + 2HNO3 ---> Ba(NO3)2 + CO2 +H2O
使用
Barium nitrate is used in industry in
the production of green signal lights, to remove gases
from vacuum tubes, and in the production of barium
oxide.
製造方法
Barium Nitrate can be prepared by a number of methods. The reaction
between nitric acid and barium metal is one way
and reaction with BaO or BaCO3 is another. Barium
hydroxide and ammonium nitrate also form the product
but ammonia is released as a by-product:
2HNO3＋ Ba→Ba(NO3)2＋H2
2HNO3＋ BaO→Ba(NO3)2＋H2O
Ba(OH)2＋ 2NH4NO3→Ba(NO3)2＋ 2NH3＋ 2H2O
Barium nitrate can also be prepared by the reaction of
barium carbonate or barium carbonate with nitric acid:
BaCO3＋ 2HNO3→Ba(NO3)2＋ CO2＋H2O
In this method, barium carbonate is suspended in
nitric acid. The solution is filtered and the product
crystallizes out. Alternatively, barium carbonate and
nitric acid are added to a saturated solution of
barium nitrate. The product is then obtained by crystallization.
Barium nitrate may also be prepared by adding
sodium nitrate to a saturated solution of barium
chloride. Barium nitrate precipitates out from the
solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed with
alcohol and dried.
一般的な説明
A white crystalline solid. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced in fires.
空気と水の反応
Soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Mixtures of metal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures of nitrates with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109].
危険性
Strong oxidizing agent. See barium.
健康ハザード
Exposures to barium nitrate by ingestion or inhalation cause poisoning. The symptoms
include, but are not limited to, ringing of the ears, dizziness, irregular and elevated blood
pressure, blurred vision, irritation to the respiratory system, tightness of muscles (especially
in the face and neck), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, anxiety, weak-
ness, labored breathing, cardiac irregularity, and convulsions. Poisoned workers also suffer
from kidney damage, cardiac or respiratory failure, tremors, convulsions, coma, and possi-
bly death. Prolonged periods of exposure to barium nitrate is known to cause damage of the
liver (anemia and possibly methemoglobinemia), spleen, kidney, bone marrow, and the CNS.
使用用途
硝酸バリウムは、比較的安定度の高い酸化剤であり、カーリットをはじめ、火工品 (花火，発煙筒など) ・・釉薬・医薬・ゴム薬品といった多岐にわたる分野での製造に使われています。
カーリットとは、を主成分とした爆薬のことです。海外で発明され、1918年特許取得後、日本で発達していった土木作業はじめ広い分野で使われていました。光学ガラスは珪素を主とした珪石や珪砂を主原料としたガラスであり、透明性を損なう不純物が非常に少ないという特徴を持っています。
そのため、レンズやプリズム、光学フィルタ、検出器の窓板など、光を透過させる光学素子やライトガイドなどの光伝搬の際に使用されることが多いです。また、ある試料中にどのような物質が含まれているかを調べる「定性分析」試料としても活用されています。
火薬や爆薬が加工されたものとして知られている火工品は、打ち上げ花火をはじめ、自動車に搭載されているエアバックや、ロケットなどの宇宙開発の分野で幅広く使用されています。日本では「火薬類取締法」に従って、製造を含めた取扱いが規制されています。
法規情報
- 消防法: 危険物第1類・硝酸塩類・危険等級Ⅲ
- 毒物及び劇物取締法: 劇物・包装等級3
- 化学物質排出管理促進法(PRTR法): 非該当
- 船舶安全法及び航空法: 酸化性物質類・酸化性物質
処理と保存
硝酸バリウムを取り扱ったり、保管したりする際には、以下の点に注意が必要です。
- 屋外または換気の良い場所で保管する。
- 酸化剤、還元剤、可燃物との混合を避ける。
- 直射日光を避け、冷暗所に保管する。
- 粉塵が発生する場所での保存の場合、必ず密閉された装置、機器または局所換気装置を使用する。
安全性プロファイル
A poison by ingestion,
subcutaneous, parenteral, and intravenous
routes. An irritant to slun and eyes. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of NO,. An oxiduer. Mixtures with
finely divided aluminum-magnesium alloys
are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to
friction or impact. Such mixtures are used in
chemical photoflash applications.
Incompatible with (Mg + BaO2 + Zn), Al,
and Mg alloys. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO,.
See also BARIUM COMPOUNDS (soluble)
and NITRATES.
職業ばく露
Barium nitrate is used in making fireworks
(in green fire pyrotechnics), signal lights, ceramics;
and in the electronics industry; to make BaO2. Once used
in the vacuum tube industry.
貯蔵
Barium nitrate should be kept stored in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, venti-
lated area, protected against physical damage. It should be separated from heat, sources
of ignition, incompatible substances, combustibles, and organic or other readily oxidizable
materials. Barium nitrate should not be stored on wood l oors or with food and beverages
輸送方法
UN1446 Barium nitrate, Hazard Class: 5.1;
Labels: 5.1—Oxidizer, 6.1—Poisonous materials.
純化方法
Crystallise it twice from water (4mL/g) and dry it overnight at 110o. It decomposes at higher temperatures to give mostly the oxide and the peroxide with only a little of the nitrite. POISONOUS. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 941 1963.]
不和合性
A strong oxidizer. Decomposes in
heat; may detonate if confined in elevating temperatures.
Keep away from strong acids; reducing agents. Contact
with organic and combustible materials (such as wood,
paper, oil and fuels); and aluminum magnesium alloys,
since violent reactions occur. Contact with sulfur powder
and finely divided metals can form shock-sensitive
compounds.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve waste in 6-MHCl.
Neutralize with NH4OH. Precipitate with excess sodium
carbonate. Filter, wash and dry precipitate and return to
supplier.
予防処置
After accidental exposures to barium nitrate by ingestion, swallow, or inhalation, workers
should induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give any-
thing by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately
ビス硝酸バリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品