ベリリウムジフルオリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
説明
Beryllium fluoride has the formula, BeF2, and is
a hygroscopic, amorphous solid with a melting point
of 800°C. It is soluble in water and is used in beryllium
metallurgy in which the metal, Be, is employed as an
alloy. Solid crystalline BeF2 has a silica-like structure with
beryllium in a four-coordinate position.
化学的特性
Beryllium fluoride is readily soluble in water, dissolving in its own water of hydration as BeF2·2H2O. The compound cannot be crystallized from solution and is prepared by thermal decomposition of ammonium fluoberyllate, (NH4)2BeF4.
物理的性質
Glassy solid; tetragonal crystal system; hygroscopic; density 2.1 g/cm
3; melts BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE 101 at 552°C; vaporizes at 1,169°C; very soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol.
使用
Beryllium fluoride is used in biochemistry, particularly protein crystallography, since it binds in some of the same ways as phosphate does in human tissues. ADP and beryllium fluoride together tend to bind to ATP sites and inhibit protein action, making it possible to crystallize proteins in the bound state. Beryllium fluoride forms a basic constituent of the preferred fluoride salt mixture used in liquid-fluoride nuclear reactors. Typically, beryllium fluoride is mixed with LiF to form a base solvent, into which fluorides of uranium and thorium are introduced. Beryllium fluoride is exceptionally chemically stable and LiF/BeF2 mixtures have low melting points and the best neutronic properties of any of the fluoride salt combinations appropriate for reactor use.
定義
ChEBI: The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be2+ tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the
liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.
製造方法
Beryllium fluoride is made by thermal decomposition of ammonium beryllium fluoride at 900 to 950°C.
Manufacturing Process
First, beryllium hydroxide is dissolved in an ammonium hydrogen fluoride solution. The resulting ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate is dissociated to a small extent in the solution that the pH can be varied over a wide range without precipitating beryllium hydroxide. Impurities can thus be precipitated relatively easily as hydroxides. Aluminum is precipitated as hydroxide by increasing the pH to 8.3. Chromium and manganese are precipitated by oxidation with lead dioxide, and manganese is precipitated by oxidation with lead dioxide and manganese dioxide. Copper, nickel, and lead are precipitated as sulfides. Ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate is freely soluble in water. When concentrated by evaporation, it crystallizes without water or hydration. Above 130 ?C, it dissociates into ammonium fluoride and beryllium fluoride. Between 900 and 1100 ?C, ammonium tetrafluoroberyllate dissociates into gaseous beryllium fluoride and gaseous ammonium fluoride. The latter can be recycled into the process as ammonium hydrogen fluoride by dissolving it in aqueous hydrogen fluoride. Cooling produces beryllium fluoride as vitreous grains.
一般的な説明
Odorless white solid. Denser than water.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Beryllium fluoride is incompatible with the following: Acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, magnesium, molten lithium .
危険性
A known carcinogen. Toxic by inhalation and ingestion.
健康ハザード
Any dramatic weight loss should be considered as possible first indication of beryllium disease. Inhalation causes irritation of nose, throat, and lungs, severe pneumonitis, and/or pulmonary edema. Ingestion causes fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite. Contact with eyes causes severe irritation and burns. Contact with skin causes dermatitis and non-healing ulcers.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating vapor of unburned material may form in fire.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen withexperimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data byinhalation. Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous,intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Incompatible with Mg. When heated to decomposition, itemits very toxic fumes of BeO and F
ベリリウムジフルオリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品