o-클로로벤질리덴 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
CS, also known as o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, is a riot control agent (RCA) currently used by U.S. military forces. It was synthesized in 1928 and named 'CS' after its creators, Corson and Stoughton. CS replaced chloroacetophenone (CN) in 1959 as the primary RCA due to its higher safety ratio. It is more potent and safer than CN. CS can be disseminated pyrotechnically or in powder formulations like CS1 and CS2.
화학적 성질
o-Chlorobenzylidene malonitrile is a combustible, white crystalline solid with a pepper-like odor. It is the defining component of tear gas (CS gas).
용도
2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile has found extensive application in exploring the effects of irritants on the human body. It is used as a tear gas and riot control agent.
일반 설명
White crystalline solid or light beige powder. Odor of pepper.
공기와 물의 반응
The finely powdered nitrile is a significant dust explosion hazard. Slightly soluble in water.
반응 프로필
[(2-Chlorophenyl)methylene]malononitrile may react with strong oxidizers.
위험도
Toxic by inhalation and skin contact. Strong
irritant to eyes and mucous membranes.
건강위험
o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
(CS) aerosol is a potent lacrimator and
upper respiratory irritant.
Characteristic effects of CS exposure are
instantaneous conjunctivitis, blepharospasm,
burning, and pain.1 Prolonged exposure to high
concentrations in enclosed spaces may cause
pulmonary edema and severe bronchospasm.
화재위험
Flash point data for [(2-Chlorophenyl)methylene]malononitrile are not available, but [(2-Chlorophenyl)methylene]malononitrile is probably combustible.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes.
Moderately toxic by inhalation. Human
systemic effects by inhalation: conjunctiva
irritation, cough, and unspecified respiratory
system effects. A human skin and eye
irritant. Human exposure data suggest
relatively low systemic toxicity, but intense
irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous
membranes. Mutation data reported. A tear
gas used for riot control. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
Cl-, NOx, and CN-. See also NITRILES.
잠재적 노출
CS tear gas is used as a riot control
agent and is also used as an agent in CS1, CS2, and CSX
riot control, and tear gases.
Carcinogenicity
o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile did
not cause a mutagenic response when tested in
a variety of assays that examined point mutations,
germinal gene mutations, chromosomal
breaks, and mitotic chromosome misdistribution.
5 Although limited, a study of the repeated
inhalation toxicity of CS in mice, rats, and
guinea pigs did not find a relationship between
tumors in a particular site and total dose of CS.6
F344N rats exposed at 0.075, 0.25, or 0.75mg/
m3 and B6C3F1 mice exposed at 0.75 or
1.5mg/m3 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 2 years
had no compound-related incidences of neoplasm.
7 Nonneoplastic lesions occurred primarily in the nasal passages and included hyperplasia
and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory
epithelium.
환경귀착
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in water forming 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile
(quoted, Verschueren, 1983).
운송 방법
UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required. Military driver shall be given full and
complete information regarding shipment and conditions in case of emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the
shipment of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be
escorted in accordance with AR 740-32.
비 호환성
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause
fire and explosion. May be explosive if dust mixes with air.
o-클로로벤질리덴 준비 용품 및 원자재
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