Preparation method and application of benzalkonium chloride

Background and overview

Benzalkonium Chloride is a cationic surfactant, a non-oxidizing fungicide, with broad-spectrum and high-efficiency sterilization and algae killing ability, can effectively control bacteria and algae reproduction and slime growth in water, and has good slime peeling It has certain dispersing and osmotic effects, and has certain degreasing, deodorizing and corrosion-inhibiting effects. This product is easily soluble in water or ethanol, slightly soluble in ether, and belongs to the class of disinfectant and antiseptic. Benzalkonium chloride dissociates into cationic active groups in aqueous solution, and has the effect of cleaning and sterilization. It is used for disinfection of skin before surgery, cleaning and disinfection of mucous membranes and wounds, treatment of wounds and burn infections, and disinfection and preservation of surgical instruments. , the concentration is 0.1% to 0.2%. Benzalkonium chloride solution can change the permeability of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, make bacterial cytoplasmic material extravasate, hinder its metabolism and play a killing effect. Bacilli and bacterial spores are ineffective.

Preparation

40.00kg (166.0mol) of tetradecyldimethyl tertiary amine, 19.96kg (157.7mol) of benzyl chloride and 200.00kg of acetonitrile were added to the 500L reaction kettle, and the mixture was stirred at 60°C for 4h. Then it was cooled to -10°C and stirred until the solid was precipitated, filtered and dried to obtain 53.50 kg of white solid with a total yield of 92.3%. The purity is 99.6%.

Use

For skin and mucous membrane disinfection

A clinical study involving 378 patients with dog bites showed that the use of benzalkonium chloride in the treatment of dog bite wound disinfection, compared with the application of iodophor solution, the incidence of infection was lower (7.43% vs 14.21%, P=0.021 ); another study including 60 cases of episiotomy women showed that when benzalkonium chloride was used to wash the vulva, compared with the application of iodophor + alcohol, the bacterial clearance rate was higher (80% vs 46.6%, P<0.05). Another foreign study on benzalkonium chloride hand sanitizer to reduce the transient Staphylococcus aureus on the skin of medical staff showed that compared with 70% ethanol hand washing, the number of transient Staphylococcus aureus on the fingertips of medical staff after using benzalkonium chloride hand sanitizer for one week was significantly higher reduce. It is further explained that the disinfection effect of benzalkonium chloride on the skin is better than that of iodophor and alcohol, and it is more suitable for hand washing and disinfection in the current epidemic prevention environment.

For surgery and wound disinfection

One study included 60 cases of open fractures, using benzalkonium chloride to clean the wound, compared with the traditional use of 3% hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, the infection rate was lower (3.33% vs 16.67%, P<0.05), and Less painful irritation during flushing. A clinical study involving 30 burn patients showed that: one side of the wound was flushed with benzalkonium chloride, and the other side was flushed with 0.5% iodophor. The 7-day healing rates of the two groups were: benzalkonium chloride group (78.4 ± 6.0)%, iodophor group (65.8 ± 6.9)%, there was a statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Benzalkonium chloride is used on surgical wound surfaces with lower infection rate, higher quality of healing, less painful irritation and milder.

for disinfection

A study of benzalkonium chloride used to form biofilms on stainless steel test strips of microorganisms extracted from fresh produce (lettuce, lettuce and cucumber) showed that benzalkonium chloride treatment at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g/l, respectively, could improve the biofilm formation. Promotes significant changes in biofilm and reduces bacterial biofilm formation. A study from the Japan Institute of Chemotherapy suggested that after treatment with benzalkonium chloride, SARS, MERSr-CoV, influenza virus (type A, B), parainfluenza virus (PSV-1, 2, 3), avian Influenza viruses (H7N9, etc.) are significantly inactivated, and there is no damage to humans, which is significantly better than sodium hypochlorite (84 disinfectant), so it is strongly recommended for inactivation of vaccine production equipment.

for environmental disinfection

An experimental study on the use of benzalkonium chloride to inhibit microbial fouling in a regenerated water source heat pump system, using different mass fractions of bactericide benzalkonium chloride to soak the fouling for 10 min every day to investigate its anti-scaling effect. Microbial fouling has an inhibitory effect, which can kill most of the bacterial cells in the fouling, and the effect is enhanced with the increase of its mass fraction. A comparison of the killing activities of peracetic acid, benzalkonium chloride and o-phthalaldehyde against 77 strains of bacteria in an industrial environment showed that the antibacterial activity of benzalkonium chloride was better than that of o-phthalaldehyde. A study from the Brussels Hospital in Paris suggested that the inactivation rate of HSV-2, CMV, RSV, and ADV viruses exceeded 95% after treatment with benzalkonium chloride for 5 minutes, and the minimum inactivation concentration was 0.0025%. The inactivation rate of BKV and ADV viruses is over 99%.

References

【1】CN109553539A,2019-04-02