Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Clinical Uses of Isepamicin
Isepamicin is inactivated less than gentamicin by high concentration of various penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Mar 15,2022 APIToxicity of Levofloxacin
Levofloxacin (Levaquins, Iquixs, Quixins) is a fluoroquinolone that is the optical S-(-) isomer of ofloxacin. It was originally developed by Daiichi Seiyaku Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, in Japan. Its chemi
Mar 15,2022 APIMezlocillin, Azlocillin: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage, Clinical Uses etc.
Mezlocillin and Azlocillin are described together because they are often referred to as ‘‘newer antipseudomonal penicillins.’’ They are all vulnerable to the action of many beta-lactamases.
Mar 15,2022 APICarbenicillin, Carindacillin: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage, Clinical Uses etc.
Carbenicillin (disodium alpha-carboxybenzyl-penicillin) is a semisynthetic penicillin derived from the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillinic acid (6-APA), and can only be administered parenterally (
Mar 15,2022 APINafcillin: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage, Clinical Uses etc.
Nafcillin, 6-(2-ethoxy-1-naphthamido) penicillanic acid, is a semisynthetic penicillin derived from the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid.
Mar 15,2022 APIIsoxazolyl Penicillins: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage Clinical Uses etc.
These semisynthetic compounds, derived from the penicillin nucleus, 6-APA, are all closely related, being 3:5 disubstituted 4-isoxazolyl penicillins.
Mar 15,2022 APIA kind of preparation technology of sodium tert-butoxide
This paper introduces a preparation process of sodium tert-butoxide
Mar 15,2022 APIPharmacodynamics and toxicology of Phenibut
Phenibut (β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid) is an analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), with potent psychotropic effects. It was first synthesized in St. Petersburg, Russia
Mar 14,2022 APIMethicillin: Phenoxypenicillins: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage Clinical Uses etc.
Methicillin was the first penicillinase-resistant semi-synthetic penicillin to be derived from the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillinic acid (6-APA).
Mar 14,2022 APIAmpicillin and amoxicillin: Mechanism of Drug Action, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Uses
Ampicillin and amoxicillin have actions similar to penicillin G ( Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)). The differences in their antibacterial spectrum, compared with penicillin G, can be explained by the
Mar 14,2022 API