Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Antimicrobial Activity and Susceptibility of Ampicillin and ampicillin-like agents
Ampicillin and ampicillin-like agents, such as amoxicillin, have many similar properties, but also some important differences. They are all semisynthetic penicillins derived from the penicillin nucleu
Mar 14,2022 APISide effects of Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic first synthesized at Daiichi Pharmaceutical Company, Japan, in 1980. It has the chemical formula 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihyd
Mar 11,2022 APIWhat is Amikacin?
Amikacin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. It was derived by the addition of the (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl (AHB) side-chain into the 1-amino position of the deoxystreptamine moiety of k
Mar 11,2022 APISide-effects of Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin (Noroxin) was synthesized at the Kyorin Central Research Laboratory in Japan. It is a fluorinated quinolone carboxylic acid derivative with a molecular weight of 319.34 and has the chemica
Mar 11,2022 APIMechanism action of Tobramycin
?Tobramycin, previously known as nebramycin factor 6, is an aminoglycoside aminocyclitol antibiotic, which is one of several compounds in an antibiotic complex (nebramycin) produced by Streptomyces te
Mar 11,2022 APIWhat is Gentamicin?
Gentamicin is a mixture of relatively equal amounts of three natural aminoglycosides, gentamicin C1, gentamicin C2, and gentamicin C1a, produced by Micromonospora purpurea and discovered in the Scheri
Mar 11,2022 APISide effects of Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone (also called 4-quinolone, or quinolone carboxylic acid) which was developed by Bayer Pharmaceuticals for both oral and parenteral use. It is one of the second genera
Mar 11,2022 APISide-effects of Tinidazole
Tinidazole, 1-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, is a nitroimidazole drug similar to metronidazole. It was synthesized in 1969 and it has a similar activity profile as metronidazole i
Mar 11,2022 APIPhenoxypenicillins: Antimicrobial Activity, Susceptibility, Administration and Dosage Clinical Uses etc.
Four acid-stable phenoxypenicillins have been developed, all suitable for oral administration. Their clinical use is restricted for the treatment of minor infections and chemoprophylaxis since the ser
Mar 11,2022 APIPreparation and use of vanillin
This article describes a background overview of vanillin and its preparation and application
Mar 11,2022 API