4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfon Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Off -White Crystalline Solid
Verwenden
4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone be used for preparation polyimide and epoxy resin material.
Definition
ChEBI: A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacteriu
leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy.
Indications
Although dapsone (Avlosulfon) is most often used as an
antimicrobial agent, it has important antiinflammatory
properties in many noninfectious skin diseases. The mechanism of action of dapsone in skin disease is
not clear.Most of the cutaneous diseases for which it is
effective manifest inflammation and are characterized
by an infiltration of neutrophils; the drug’s antiinflammatory
effect may arise from its inhibition of intracellular
neutrophil reactions mediated by myeloperoxidase
and hydrogen peroxide or from its scavenging of reactive
oxygen species, which inhibits inflammation.
Antimicrobial activity
Dapsone is active against many bacteria and some protozoa.
Fully susceptible strains of M. leprae are inhibited by a little
as 0.003 mg/L. It is predominantly bacteristatic. Resistance
is associated with mutations in the folP1 gene involved in the
synthesis of para-aminobenzoic acid.
Acquired resistance
Resistance to high levels is acquired by several sequential mutations.
As a result of prolonged use of dapsone monotherapy,
acquired resistance emerged in patients with multibacillary leprosy
in many countries. Initial resistance also occurs in patients
with both paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy. Thus,
leprosy should always be treated with multidrug regimens.
Resistance of M. leprae to dapsone (and other anti-leprosy
drugs) may now be determined by use of DNA microarrays.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Odorless white or creamy white crystalline powder. Slightly bitter taste.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Sensitive to oxidation and light. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone can neutralize acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with epoxy resins under uncontrolled conditions .
Brandgefahr
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfone is probably combustible.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
The most effective of a number of sulfonamide derivatives to
be tested against leprosy. The dry powder is very stable. It is
only slightly soluble in water.
Pharmakokinetik
Oral absorption: >90%
C
max 100 mg oral: c. 2 mg/L after 3–6 h
Plasma half-life: 10–50 h
Plasma protein binding: c. 50%
It is slowly but almost completely absorbed from the intestine
and widely distributed in the tissues, but selectively
retained in skin, muscle, kidneys and liver. It is metabolized
by N-oxidation and also by acetylation, which is subject to the
same genetic polymorphism as isoniazid. The elimination
half-life is consequently very variable, but on standard
therapy the trough levels are always well in excess of inhibitory
concentrations. It is mostly excreted in the urine: in the
unchanged form (20%), as N-oxidation products (30%) and
as a range of other metabolites.
Clinical Use
Leprosy (multidrug regimens)
Prophylaxis of malaria, treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria (in
combination with pyrimethamine)
Prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis (in combination with pyrimethamine)
Prophylaxis (monotherapy) and treatment (in combination with
trimethoprim) of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Dermatitis herpetiformis and related skin disorders
Nebenwirkungen
Although usually well tolerated at standard doses, gastrointestinal
upsets, anorexia, headaches, dizziness and insomnia may
occur. Less frequent reactions include skin rashes, exfoliative
dermatitis, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy (usually
in non-leprosy patients), tinnitus, blurred vision, psychoses,
hepatitis, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus
and generalized lymphadenopathy.
The term ‘dapsone syndrome’ is applied to a skin rash and
fever occurring 2–8 weeks after starting therapy and sometimes
accompanied by lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly,
jaundice and/or mononucleosis.
Blood disorders include anemia, methemoglobinemia,
sulfhemoglobinemia, hemolysis (notably in patients with
glucose-
6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency), mononucleosis,
leukopenia and, rarely, agranulocytosis. Severe anemia
should be treated before patients receive dapsone.
The incidence of adverse reactions declined in the 1960s
but reappeared around 1982 when multidrug therapy was
introduced, and may represent an unexplained interaction
with rifampicin.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: agranulocytosis, change in tubules and other kidney changes, cyanosis, effect on joints, hemolysis with or without anemia, jaundice, methemoglobinemiacarboxyhemoglobinemia, retinal changes, somnolence. Experimental reproductive effects. Can cause hepatitis, dermatitis, and neuritis. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Human mutation data reported. Used in leprosy treatment and veterinary medicine. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. See also SULFONATES.
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulfon Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
