Neodym Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R14/15:Reagiert heftig mit Wasser unter Bildung hochentzündlicher Gase.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S43:Zum Löschen . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben) verwenden (wenn Wasser die Gefahr erhöht, anfügen: "Kein Wasser verwenden").
Chemische Eigenschaften
grey metal ingot
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Neodymium is the third most abundant rare-earth element in the Earth’s crust (24 ppm). Itis reactive with moist air and tarnishes in dry air, forming a coating of Nd
3O
3, an oxide witha blue tinge that flakes away, leaving bare metal that then will continue to oxidize.
Its melting point is 1,021°C, its boiling point is 3,074°C, and its density is 7,01 g/cm
3.
Isotopes
There are 47 isotopes of neodymium, seven of which are considered stable.Together the stable isotopes make up the total abundance in the Earth’s crust. Twoof these are radioactive but have such long half-lives that they are considered stablebecause they still exist on Earth. They are Nd-144 (half-life of 2.29×10
+15 years) andNd-150 (half-life of 6.8×10
+15years). All the other isotopes are synthetic and havehalf-lives ranging from 300 nanoseconds to 3.37 days.
Origin of Name
Derived from the two Greek words neos and didymos. When combined,
they mean “new twin.”
Occurrence
Although neodymium is the 28th most abundant element on Earth, it is third in abundanceof all the rare-earths. It is found in monazite, bastnasite, and allanite ores, where it isremoved by heating with sulfuric acid (H
2SO
4). Its main ore is monazite sand, which is amixture of Ce, La, Th, Nd, Y, and small amounts of other rare-earths. Some monazite sandsare composed of over 50% rare-earths by weight. Like most rare-earths, neodymium can beseparated from other rare-earths by the ion-exchange process.
Charakteristisch
As an element, neodymium is a soft silver-yellow metal. It is malleable and ductile. It canbe cut with a knife, machined, and formed into rods, sheets, powder, or ingots. Neodymiumcan form trivalent compounds (salts) that exhibit reddish or violet-like colors.
Neodymium reacts with water to form Nd(OHO)
3 and hydrogen (H
2), which can explodeif exposed to a flame or spark. It is shipped and stored in containers of mineral oil.
Verwenden
Neodymium salts, electronics, alloys, colored
glass, (especially in astronomical lenses and lasers),
to increase heat resistance of magnesium, metallurgical research, yttrium-garnet laser dope, gas scavenger in iron and steel manufacture
Definition
A toxic
silvery element belonging to the lanthanoid
series of metals. It occurs in association
with other lanthanoids. Neodymium is
used in various alloys, as a catalyst, in compound
form in carbon-arc searchlights,
etc., and in the glass industry.
Symbol: Nd; m.p. 1021°C; b.p.
3068°C; r.d. 7.0 (20°C); p.n. 60; r.a.m.
144.24.
Hazard
Many of the compounds (salts) of neodymium are skin irritants and toxic if inhaled oringested. Some are explosive (e.g., neodymium nitrate [Nd(NO
3)
3]).
Sicherheitsprofil
Human systemic effects
by intracerebral route: blood changes. It may
be an anticoagulant lanthanoid. Care in
handling is advised. Flammable in the form
of dust when exposed to heat or flame.
Slight explosion hazard in the form of dust
when exposed to flame. Can react violently
with air, halogens, N2.Violent reaction with
phosphorus above 4OOOC. Many of its
compounds are poisons.
Neodym Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
