(-)-COTININE Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
Beschreibung
Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine. In the liver,
nicotine is rapidly metabolized to cotinine (70–80%) by
CYP2A6 and to nornicotine (5%) by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6.
With a half-life about 10-fold longer than that of nicotine
(15–19 h for cotinine versus 2–3 h for nicotine), cotinine
induces plasma concentrations of 1–3 mM in smokers. After
administration to rats, cotinine levels in the brain reach
fourfold those of nicotine at 4 h following injection. Cotinine
is not biotransformed in the brain, allowing accumulation
of this substance to levels greater than that of
nicotine.
Like nicotine, cotinine is able to induce dopamine release in
smokers and in superfused rat striatal slices in a dose- and
calcium-dependent manner via the nicotinic receptors, but
only at concentrations higher than those normally seen in
smokers. Indeed, administration of cotinine to smokers at
levels 10-fold that is seen following smoking had no observable
effect, suggesting that cotinine is not neuroactive at doses
found in smokers. However, cotinine also acts as an inhibitor
for nicotine binding in rat brain via desensitization of the
nicotinic receptor.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Colourless to Light Brown Solid
Verwenden
(-)-Cotinine is used to activate a subpopulation of α3/ α6β2 nAChRs in monkey striatum. It binds nicotinic- and muscarinic-type acetylcholine receptors with minimal receptor desensitization and demonstrates antipsychotic drug-like properties in behavioral models, neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative disease models, and enhances attention in a delayed matching-to-sample task.
Definition
ChEBI: An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.
Biologische Aktivität
Major metabolite of nicotine. Shown to activate a subpopulation of α 3/ α 6 β 2 nAChRs in monkey striatum. Displays cognition-enhancing effects in vivo .
Environmental Fate
Cotinine stimulates dopamine release in the nigrostriatal
pathway by activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
However, its lower EC
50 prevents significant activation of this
pathway in smokers.
(-)-COTININE Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
