NITRATE Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Beschreibung
Nitrate is commonly found in drinking water sources especially
in agricultural areas where nitrogen fertilizer is used, and where
unregulated shallow private wells are more at the risk of
contamination. The World Health Organization (WHO)
guideline of 50 ppm and the US maximum contaminant level
(MCL) of 45 ppm for nitrate in drinking water have been
established for protecting infants from methemoglobinemia,
commonly known as blue baby syndrome. The health protective
value continues to be a subject of public health interest for
many years, with varying opinion on whether it is too high or
too low. Evaluation of nitrate will need to include consideration
of nitrite because both are closely related in the nitrogen
cycle in the environment and the body, and nitrite plays
a major role in inducing toxicity after its formation from
nitrate. More recently, reports of nitrate in drinking water,
especially at levels higher than 50 ppm, have been associated
with other health effects other than methemoglobinemia. This
toxicological review provides an update on the health effects of
nitrate with a focus on methemoglobinemia, reproductive and
developmental effects, potential carcinogenicity, and especially
endocrine/thyroid effects.
Chemische Eigenschaften
A colorless liquid.
Verwenden
In the treatment of angina pectoris; in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro
compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals.
Definition
nitrate: A salt or ester of nitric acid.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Crystalline solids. Salts of nitrate, such as ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrate.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Most are water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979. p. 108-109].
Hazard
Moderately toxic.
Health Hazard
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Environmental Fate
Nitrate (NO3
-), a product of nitrogen oxidation, is a naturally
occurring ion in the environment and integrated into complex
organic molecules such as proteins and enzymes required by
living systems. Nitrate is a more stable form of oxidized
nitrogen than nitrite; however, it can be reduced by microbial
action to nitrite, which, in turn, can be reduced to various
compounds or oxidized to nitrate by chemical and biological
processes. Nitrates occur naturally in soil from microbial
oxidation of ammonia derived from organic nitrogenous
materials such as plant proteins, animals, and animal excreta.
Other source contributions are wastewater, septic tank runoffs,
airborne nitrogen compounds emitted by industry and automobiles,
nitrogen fertilizer, and manure from animal feeding.
Nitrate in groundwater is generally found below 10 ppm, with
higher levels in areas of high agricultural activities.
NITRATE Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
