Kerosene
| Melting point | 24-25 °C |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 175-325 °C(lit.) |
| Density | 0.8 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| vapor density | 4.5 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 0.23 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| refractive index |
n |
| Flash point | 179 °F |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| form | Liquid |
| color | Light Yellow |
| Odor | Characteristic; like fuel oil. |
| explosive limit | 5% |
| Merck | 14,5294 |
| Dielectric constant | 1.8（21℃） |
| Stability | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Kerosene (8008-20-6) |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |    GHS07,GHS08,GHS09 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H304-H315-H336-H411 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P261-P264-P273-P301+P310-P302+P352-P331 | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | Xn,N,F | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 65-67-62-51/53-48/20-38-11-40 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 23-24-62-61-36/37-16 | |||||||||
| RIDADR | 1223 | |||||||||
| OEB | A | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 100 mg/m3 | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 3 | |||||||||
| RTECS | OA5500000 | |||||||||
| Autoignition Temperature | 442 °F | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 3 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | III | |||||||||
| HS Code | 27101919 | |||||||||
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rabbits: 28 ml/kg (Deichmann) | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Kerosene Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description
Kerosene is primarily derived from refined petroleum. Kerosene was discovered in 1853 by Abraham Gesner, a British physician, through an extraction process of inflammable liquid from asphalt, a waxy petroleum mixture. Kerosene, therefore, is often called coal or fuel oil because of its asphalt origins. Kerosene was the first material to be chemically extracted on a large commercial scale.
Chemical Properties
Kerosene is a white to pale yellow, mobile flammable, and combustible liquid. Kerosene (hydrodesulfurized) is a complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from a petroleum stock by treating with hydrogen to convert organic sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, which is removed. Kerosene generally consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C9 through C16 and boiling in the range of approximately 150–290℃ （302–554°F).
Uses
In kerosene lamps, flares, and stoves; as degreaser and cleaner; Deobase formerly used as a solvent in cosmetics and in fly spray.
Production Methods
Kerosene is produced by direct fractionation of the “middle distillate fraction”. Individual kerosene composition varies widely, but consists mainly of linear and branched aliphatics, olefins, cycloparaffins, and aromatics in the C10–C16 range. For indoor heating fuels it is desirable to remove the olefins, aromatics, and sulfur compounds, because they promote the evolution of soot and sulfur oxides. For some purposes, highly refined or “deodorized” kerosene is manufactured by treatment with activated charcoal or by clay filtration and is generally less toxic than untreated kerosene.
General Description
A clear colorless to light amber liquid with a petroleum odor. Flash point 100°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, contained in Kerosene, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents.
Hazard
Moderate fire risk, explosive limits in air 0.7–5.0%. Toxic by inhalation. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Vapor causes slight irritation of eyes and nose. Liquid irritates stomach; if taken into lungs, causes coughing, distress, and rapidly developing pulmonary edema.
Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Environmental Fate
Kerosene is composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons with 10–16 carbons per molecule and benzene and naphthalene derivatives. Because kerosene is a complex mixture of various hydrocarbon fractions, its transport and transformation in the environment are dependent on the environment fate of the individual hydrocarbons that comprise it. Kerosene can enter the environment because of its uses – engine fuels, domestic heating, pesticide, and solvent. Environmental releases of kerosene predominantly results in portioning to air. The halflife reaction is calculated to be 0.27–2.2 days. Photodegeneration is rapid in the air phase. Kerosene is expected to have low mobility and some immobility when released to soil. Volatilization does occur. Kerosene is biodegradable in soil, although some components of the mixture adhere strongly to the soil. Kerosene is also biodegradable in surface water. However, some components of the mixture may bioconcentrate in fish and other aquatic organisms. Hydrolysis is insignificant because kerosene lacks the functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions.
Purification Methods
Stir it with conc H2SO4 until a fresh portion of acid remains colourless, then wash with water, dry with solid KOH and distil it in a Claisen flask. For more complete drying, the kerosene can be refluxed with Na, and distilled from Na.
Kerosene Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
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chevron_right| Supplier | Tel | Country | ProdList | Advantage | Inquiry |
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| Alfa Aesar | 1 800 209 7001 | Maharashtra, India | 6913 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Central Drug House(P) Ltd. | 91-11-49404040 | New Delhi, India | 6160 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Skand Oil And Petro Chemical | 08047634003 | Haryana, India | 1 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Ruhani Lubricants | 08048609518 | Ahmedabad, India | 5 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd. | +86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512 | China | 21676 | 55 | Inquiry |
| Xiamen AmoyChem Co., Ltd | +86-592-6051114 +8618959220845 | China | 6387 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd | +86-029-81138252 +86-18789408387 | China | 2316 | 58 | Inquiry |
| SIMAGCHEM CORP | +86-13806087780 | China | 17367 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. | 0551-65418671 | China | 34571 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Aladdin Scientific | +1-+1(833)-552-7181 | United States | 57511 | 58 | Inquiry |
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