タンニン酸 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色〜うすい褐色, 粉末
定義
本品は、有機酸の混合物であり、主として次の化学式で表される化合物からなる。
溶解性
水、エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、エーテル及びクロロホルムにほとんど溶けない。水に易溶。エタノールに可溶。エーテルに不溶。
解説
広義のタンニン酸と同義語である．ガロタンニンともいう．ブナ科ナラなどの樹皮，ウルシ科植物ウルシなどの葉，熱帯産植物カリロクの果実など，植物界に広く分布し，多数のフェノール性ヒドロキシ基をもつ，構造の複雑な芳香族化合物の総称．構造的には，フラバノール骨格が重合した縮合型タンニンと，没食子酸やエラグ酸などフェノール性カルボン酸が糖とエステル結合した可溶性タンニンとに大別される．淡黄色または淡褐色の不定形粉末で，わずかに特有の臭いと収れん性の味をもつ．空気中で光によりしだいに暗色にかわる．アルブミン，デンプン，ゼラチン，多くのアルカロイドおよび金属塩と沈殿をつくり，鉄塩により青黒色を呈する．水に易溶，アルコール類，アセトンに可溶．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
インキ製造、印刷・写真、医薬原料
化粧品の成分用途
パーマネント.ウェーブ用還元剤、収れん剤、酸化防止剤、香料
効能
収斂薬
応用
ベンゼン，エーテル，クロロホルムなどに不溶．媒染剤，皮なめし，インキ，印刷，写真用に用いられる.
説明
Tannic acid is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol and can
be found in practically all aerial plant tissues. Tannic acid was
historically used for the treatment of diarrhea, topically to dress
skin burns and rectally for treatment of unspecified rectal
disorders. Pharmaceutical use of tannic acid is discontinued
due to safer and better alternatives.
An unusually high incidence of esophageal cancer has been
noted in areas of South Africa, where a sorghum rich in tannins
is consumed. A positive relation has been observed between the
tannin content of the sorghum and the incidence of esophageal
cancer.
化学的特性
Tannic acid, C
14H
10O
9, also known as digallic acid, tannin, and gallotannin, is a yellowish powder that decomposes at 210°C (410°F). Tannic acid is derived from nutgalls. It is soluble in water and alcohol,and is insoluble in acetone and ether. Tannic acid is used in tanning,textiles, and as an alcohol denaturant. An amorphous form of tannic acid, also known as pentadigalloylglucose, exists with the formula C
76H
52O
46. It is a yellowish to brownish powder that is very soluble in alcohol and ether.It also decomposes between 210 and 215°C (410 and 419 °F). This form is used to clarify wine or beer, as a reagent,and as a mordant in dyeing.
天然物の起源
Reported found in Quercus oliver and related species; Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa); and various sumac species, including Rhus semialata, R. coriaria, R. glabra and R. typhia.
使用
Tannic Acid is a sequestrant that refers to a mixture of hydrolyzable
tannins of a more complex structure than gallic acid. it is used in
clarifying beer and wine. see tannins.
製造方法
Tannic acid is obtained by solvent extraction from the nutgalls or the excrescences that form on the young twigs of Quercus olivier and allied species of Quercus L.; from the seed pods of Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa); or from the nutgalls of various sumac species, including Rhus semialata, R. coriaria, R. glabra and R. typhia.
定義
tannic acid: A yellowish complexorganic compound present in certainplants. It is used in dyeing as a mordant.
一般的な説明
Light yellow to tan solid with a faint odor. Sinks and mixes with water.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble. Gradually darkens on exposure to air and/or light
反応プロフィール
Glycerite decomposes at 210° to carbon dioxide and pyrogallol, which can form irritating vapors [USCG, 1999]. Incompatible with salts of heavy metals, alkaloids, gelatin, albumin, starch, oxidizing substances-e.g., permanganates, chlorates; lime water [Merck].
危険性
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Questionable
carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat, coughing, and sneezing. Ingestion may cause gastric disturbance. Contact with eyes causes irritation.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Decomposes at 210° to carbon dioxide and pyrogallol, which can form irritating vapors.
工業用途
Quebracho is the most common tannic acid derivative widely used in flotation. The
main phenolic nuclei present in Quebracho are resorcinol/phloroglucinol and catechol/pyrogallol.
Quebracho is commercially available in the following three forms: (a) standard
Quebracho, a direct hot-water extract from the heart-wood with adjusted pH (Qu–O), (b)
sulfited Quebracho, in which sulfonic acid groups have been introduced (Qu–S) and (c)
aminated Quebracho (Qu–A), where amine groups are introduced to ordinary Quebracho,
rendering the polymer amphoteric (iso-electric point at pH 7). Each of these types of
Quebracho has a different depressing effect.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intravenous
and intraperitoneal routes. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
合成
Tannic acid is synthesized by extraction from Nutgalls (Chinese or Turkish), Myrobalans (Terminalia SP.), Oakbark, etc. It is also synthesized by esterification of Glucose with meta-galloylgallic acid.
環境運命予測
Tannins and tannic acid occur naturally in plants. Essentially all
wood and plant tissue contain tannins. Therefore, biodegradation
is expected to be the major environmental fate process
for tannic acid.
タンニン酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品