テレピン油 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～わずかにうすい黄色, 澄明の液体
定義
本品は、マツ属 Pinus の植物から得られるテルペン炭化水素である。
溶解性
水に不溶, アルコール, エーテルに可溶。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
解説
テレピン油ともいう。マツ科植物の生松脂(まつやに)はターペンタインといい、組成は85％の松脂rosinと15％のテレビン油である。これを水蒸気蒸留すると収油率約20％でテレビン油が得られ、蒸留残渣(ざんさ)はロジン、ガムロジンまたはコロホニイである。
小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）
用途
ラッカーの製造、合成樟脳
用途
洗剤?塗料?ゴム用?エポキシ樹脂用溶剤、香料、農薬(失効農薬)
主産地
テレピン油主産地は北アメリカであるが、近年は中国産が急増、そのほか、フランス、ギリシア、ロシア、スペイン、ポルトガル、インドにも産し、世界の年産額は松脂100万～150万トン、テレビン油20万トンに達したこともあり、精油のなかで最大の生産量を示している。
化粧品の成分用途
減粘剤、外用鎮痛剤、香料
説明
Turpentine oil is a kind of fluid isolated from live trees, mainly pines. It consists of terpenes including monoterpenes, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and some amount of careen, camphene, dipentene, and terpinolene. It can be used as a solvent and as a source of materials for organic synthesis. For its application in solvent, it can be used for thinning oil-based paints that are useful for the manufacturing of varnishes. In organic synthesis, it can be used for the synthesis of fragrant chemical compounds such as camphor, linalool and alpha-terpineol. It can also be used for large-scale synthesis of bundles of aligned carbon nanotubes. It can also be used as natural flavoring agent as food additive. Moreover, it can be used to synthesize pesticide as well as be used to facilitate the endodontic retreatment.
化学的特性
Turpentine is oleorosin extracted from trees of pinus (pinacae). It is a yellowish, opaque, sticky mass with a characteristic odor and taste. It is used extensively in different industries associated with the manufacturing of polishes, grinding fl uids, paint thinners, resins, degreasing solutions, clearing materials, and ink making.
The two primary uses of turpentine in industry are as a solvent and as a source of materials for organic synthesis. As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based paints for producing varnishes and as a raw material in the chemical industry.
物理的性質
Turpentine is the oleoresin from species of Pinus Pinacea trees. The crude oleoresin (gum turpentine) is a yellowish, sticky, opaque mass and the distillate (oil of turpentine) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic odor. Chemically, it contains: alpha-pinene; betapinene; camphene, monocyclic terpene; and terpene alcohols.
使用
Oil of turpentine is primarily used as a solvent for industrial applications, such as thinner for paints and varnishes. Preparation of carbon nano-spheres (CNSs) by decomposition of turpentine oil has been reported.
調製方法
Gum turpentine is the steam-volatile fraction of pine tree
pitch.Wood turpentine is obtained from waste wood chips or
sawdust. Sulfate turpentine is a by-product in paper manufacture.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. Flash point 90-115°F. Obtained from naphtha-extraction of pine stumps. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
WOOD TURPENTINE reacts with oxidizing agents. Calcium hypochlorite was placed in a turpentine container, thought to be empty. Reaction with the residual turpentine resulted in an explosion within a few minutes [Benson 1967]. Reacts violently with chromic anhydride [Haz. Chem. Data 1967 p. 68]. Reacts with stannic chloride producing heat and sometimes flame [Mellor 7:430 1946-47]. May also react exothermically with reducing agents to produce gaseous hydrogen.
健康ハザード
Occupational exposures to turpentine cause adverse health effects on absorption through the skin, lungs, and intestine. The vapor of turpentine causes severe irritation to the nose, eyes, and respiratory system has a whole. Aspiration of liquid turpentine causes direct irritation to the lungs and results in pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. It also causes dermatitis, eczema, and hypersensitivity among occupational workers. Splashing of liquid turpentine in the eyes causes corneal burns. Turpentine is also known to cause skin eruption, irritation to the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and bladder damage, delirium, ataxia, and benign skin tumor.
化学性质
イソプレンの構成単位
安全性プロファイル
An experimental poison
by intravenous route. Moderately toxic to
humans by ingestion. Mildly toxic
experimentally by ingestion and inhalation.
Human systemic effects by ingestion and
inhalation: conjunctiva irritation, other
olfactory and eye effects, hallucinations or
distorted perceptions, antipsychotic,
headache, pulmonary, and kidney changes.
A human eye irritant. Irritating to skin and
mucous membranes. Can cause serious
irritation of kidneys. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data. A common air contaminant. A very
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing
materials. Avoid impregnation of
combustibles with turpentine. Keep cool
and ventilated. Spontaneous heating is
possible. Moderate explosion hazard in the
form of vapor when exposed to flame; can
react violently with Ca(OCl)2, Cl2, CrO3, Cr-
(OCl)2, SnCl4, hexachloromelamine,
trichloromelamine. To fight fire, use foam,
CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
職業ばく露
Turpentines have found wide use as
chemical feedstock for the manufacture of floor, furniture,
shoe, and automobile polishes; camphor, cleaning materials;
inks, putty, mastics, cutting and grinding fluids; paint
thinners; resins, and degreasing solutions. Recently,
alpha-and beta-pinenes, which can be extracted, have
found use as volatile bases for various compounds. The
components d-α-pinene and 3-carene, or their hydroperoxides,
may be the cause of eczema and toxic effects of
turpentine.
発がん性
When turpentine was applied to
the skin, tumor growth was promoted in the rabbit, but not in
the mouse.
輸送方法
UN1299 Turpentine, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-
Flammable liquid.
合成方法
微生物酵素を利用した変換が行われる
不和合性
Forms an explosive mixture with air.
Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, especially chlorine;
chromic anhydride; stannic chloride; chromyl chloride.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
予防処置
During handling of turpentine, occupational workers should always use protective clothing, rubber gloves, and face masks to avoid adverse health effects to the skin and respiratory tract.
参考文献
Kalpana Awasthi, et al. "Large scale synthesis of bundles of aligned carbon nanotubes using a natural precursor: turpentine oil." Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 5.6(2010):498-508.
Bai, Yun. "The general situation of flavor from turpentine oil." China Food Additives (2006).
Pakdel, H, S. Sarron, and C. Roy. "alpha-Terpineol from hydration of crude sulfate turpentine oil. " Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 49.9(2001):4337-41.
Dong-Mei, L. I., et al. "Study on synthesis of high purity α-terpineol from turpentine oil." Modern Chemical Industry (2008).
Armstrong, Henry E. "XXXV.—Studies of the terpenes and allied compounds. The nature of turpentine oils, including that obtained from Pinus khasyana." Journal of the Chemical Society Transactions 59:311-315.
Guilbert, J., et al. "Anti-flatulence treatment and status epilepticus: a case of camphor intoxication." Emergency Medicine Journal Emj 24.12(2007):859.
Qin, Lang, and Y. M. Wang. "Application of Turpentine Oil in Synergist and Pesticide and Its Progress." Fine & Specialty Chemicals (2005).
Kaplowitz, G. J. "Clinical uses of rectified turpentine oil." International Endodontic Journal 29.2(1996):93.
テレピン油 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品