マルトース 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される二糖類である。
解説
マルトース，βマルトースの一水和物は融点102～103 ℃．[α]D20"＋111.7→＋130.4°(水)．これを真空乾燥するとαマルトースの無水物が得られる．融点108 ℃．[α]D"＋123°(水)．還元性があり，酵母により酸性で発酵される．ショ糖の1/3程度の甘味があり，甘味剤，栄養剤として使われる．LD50 35000 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．
性質
マルトース，麦芽糖ともいう．Glcp(α1→4)Glcpで示される還元性二糖．デンプンの基本構成単位で，植物の種子の発芽の際にデンプンが分解利用される中間体としてできるほかは，天然にはあまり知られていない．デンプンを麦芽のアミラーゼで分解すると，デキストリン，グルコースとともに生じるので，アルコールで分別沈殿させてつくる．
化粧品の成分用途
保湿.湿潤剤、保水剤、香味剤
効能
栄養補給剤
化学的特性
Maltose occurs as white crystals or as a crystalline powder. It is
odorless and has a sweet taste approximately 30% that of sucrose.
天然物の起源
Maltose also is formed by yeast during breadmaking.
使用
Maltose is a sweetener formed by the enzymatic action of yeast on
starch. it consists of two dextrose molecules. maltose dissolves and
crystallizes slowly in aqueous solutions, and is less sweet and more
stable than sucrose. it is used in combination with dextrose in bread
and in instant foods, and is also used in pancake syrups.
調製方法
Maltose monohydrate is prepared by the enzymatic degradation of
starch.
定義
A sugar
found in germinating cereal seeds. It is a
disaccharide composed of two glucose
units. Maltose is an important intermediate
in the enzyme hydrolysis of starch. It is
further hydrolyzed to glucose.
応用例（製薬）
Maltose is a disaccharide carbohydrate widely used in foods and
pharmaceuticals. In parenteral products, maltose may be used as a
source of sugar, particularly for diabetic patients.
Crystalline maltose is used as a direct-compression tablet
excipient in chewable and nonchewable tablets.
安全性プロファイル
Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
安全性
Maltose is used in oral and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations
and is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant
material. However, there has been a single report of a liver
transplantation patient with renal failure who developed hyponatremia
following intravenous infusion of normal immunoglobulin
in 10% maltose. The effect, which recurred on each of four
successive infusions, resembled that of hyperglycemia and was
thought to be due to accumulation of maltose and other osmotically
active metabolites in the extracellular fluid.
LD
50 (mouse, IV): 26.8 g/kg
LD
50 (mouse, SC): 38.6 g/kg
LD
50 (rabbit, IV): 25.2 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IP): 30.6 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IV): 15.3 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): 34.8 g/kg
概要
酵母発酵糖．肝臓，植物の葉，花，種実，蜂蜜に存在．デンプンやグリコーゲンの酸および酵素分解物
貯蔵
Maltose should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry
place.
不和合性
Maltose may react with oxidizing agents. A Maillard-type reaction
may occur between maltose and compounds with a primary amine
group, e.g. glycine, to form brown-colored products.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
In the USA, maltose is considered as a food by the FDA and is
therefore not subject to food additive and GRAS regulations.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral solutions).
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients. Included in parenteral products available in a number
of countries worldwide.
マルトース 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品