水素化アルミニウムナトリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
水素化アルミニウムナトリウムおそらく対応するリチウム塩と同じく，テトラヒドリドアルミン酸塩の構造をもつものと思われる。水素化アルミニウムリチウムとほぼ同じ還元力を有するが，高価であるため使用されることは少ない。エステルを還元してアルデヒドをつくる。 テトラヒドロフランやグライム(1,2‐ジメトキシエタン)に溶ける。窒素中220℃に加熱すると分解してNa3AlH6を生ずる。
株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について 情報
準備
水素化ナトリウム(すいそかアルミニウムナトリウム)NaHとアルミニウムを水素気流中で反応させて合成する。
化学的特性
Sodium aluminum hydride is a white to light grey crystalline powder, which reacts with water, but is soluble in THF. Sodium tetrahydridoaluminate, sodium aluminum hydride, sodium alanate, NaAlH4, is a white, crystalline substance, mp 178℃; it decomposes at 210℃, liberating hydrogen and initially forming Na3AlH6. Sodium tetrahydridoaluminate is insoluble in hydrocarbons and diethyl ether. Its chemical properties resemble those of lithium aluminum hydride. However, the strong polar character of sodium aluminum hydride promotes side reactions during some reductions.
使用
Reducing agent similar to lithium aluminum
hydride.
一般的な説明
A white crystalline solid. Density 1.24 g / cm3. If spread over a large flat combustible area, friction can ignite the material. Soluble in tetrahydrofuran.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Does not react in dry air at room temperature. Very sensitive to moisture. Ignites or explodes on contact with water or moist air [NSC Nat. Safety News 77(2):37-40 1958]. Reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide, a corrosive material and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen.
反応プロフィール
Sodium aluminium hydride is a strong reducing agent. Similar in reactivity to lithium aluminum hydride. May react violently with oxidizing agents. An explosion occurred during its preparation from sodium and aluminum in a medium of tetrahydrofuran [Chem. Eng. News 39(40):57 1961]. At elevated temperatures, the hydride reduces carbon dioxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate to methane and ethane. These gases are the explosive products formed when CO2 extinguishers have been used during hydride fires. 1:1 complexes with ether or dimethylamine and various tetrazoles are explosive. Tetrazoles include, 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, 5-ethyl, 2-methyl-5-vinyl, 5-amino-2-ethyl, etc. [US Pat. 3 396 170, 1968].
危険性
Severe fire and explosion risk in contact
with oxidizing agents and water, forms caustic and
irritating compounds.
健康ハザード
Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
火災危険
Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
安全性プロファイル
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. May ignite and explode on contact with water. Reacts violently with tetrahydrofuran when heated. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NanO. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS and HYDRIDES.
職業ばく露
Used in chemical synthesis
輸送方法
UN2835 Sodium aluminum hydride, Hazard Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when wet material.
不和合性
A strong reducing agent. Very sensitive to moisture; reaction with water may cause fire or explosion. Also incompatible with iron, aluminum, and zinc in the presence of water. Hydrides are incompatible with acids, alcohols, amines, and aldehydes. Violent reaction, possibly explosive, on contact with water, air, oxidizers, acids, alcohols, and ethers. May ignite spontaneously in moist air. Does not react in dry air at room temperature. Reacts with water to form corrosive NaOH and flammable hydrogen gas. The heat of reaction may be sufficient to ignite.
水素化アルミニウムナトリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品