ジブロモメタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～わずかにうすい黄色、澄明の液体
溶解性
水に微溶, アルコール, エーテル等各種有機溶剤に易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水に溶けにくい。
解説
ジブロモメタン,融点－52.7 ℃，沸点96.95 ℃．d204 2.4956．n20D 1.5419．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
水処理剤、医薬品等の中間体。
用途
医薬?農薬?有機合成中間体
製造
ジブロモメタン,臭化メチレンともいう．トリオキシメチレン (CH2O)3 に五臭化リンの作用，または臭化メチルの臭素化により得られる.
化学的特性
colourless liquid
使用
Dibromomethane is used as solvent in organic synthesis. It acts as an intermediate in the manufacture of specialty chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. It is useful as extractant and utilized for the determination of 5-nitroimidazoles (5-NDZ) in environmental waters. It is involved in the convertion of catechols to their methylenedioxy derivatives.
定義
ChEBI: A member of the class of bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae.
一般的な説明
A colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Insoluble in water and denser than water. May be toxic by ingestion. Used as a solvent and as a motor fuel.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as Dibromomethane, are moderately or very reactive. Reactivity generally decreases with increased degree of substitution of halogen for hydrogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals (potassium), and epoxides.
健康ハザード
INHALATION: Anesthetic effects, nausea and drunkenness. CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES: Skin irritation of eyes and nose.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Dissociation products generated in a fire may be irritating or toxic.
毒性学
A poison. Moderately
toxic by subcutaneous route. Mdly toxic by
inhalation. Mutation data reported. mxtures
with potassium explode on light impact.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Br-. See also BROMIDES
危険性
In laboratory studies, animals experienced CNS depression at 2400-2800 ppm and liver and kidney damage after repeated exposures to 1000 ppm. Dichloromethane rarely causes hepatotoxicity unless exposure is extremely heavy or agent ingested. If left on clothes, it may cause reddening of skin; may have effects on the nervous system and blood, causing impaired functions, carboxyhemoglobinemia, and lowering of consciousness; chronic exposure may cause liver and kidney effects; an irritant; harmful by inhalation; a simple asphyxiant; may cause blood disorders, cardiac irregularities, and CNS depression;
合成
Dibromomethane is synthesized commercially from dichloromethane via bromochloromethane:
6 CH
2Cl
2 + 3 Br
2 + 2 Al → 6 CH
2BrCl + 2 AlCl
3
CH
2Cl
2 + HBr → CH
2BrCl + HCl
The latter route requires aluminium trichloride as a catalyst. The bromochloromethane product from either reaction can further react in a similar manner:
6 CH
2BrCl + 3 Br
2 + 2 Al → 6 CH
2Br
2 + 2 AlCl
3
CH
2BrCl + HBr → CH
2Br
2 + HCl
In the laboratory, it is synthesized from bromoform:
CHBr3 + Na
3AsO
3 + NaOH → CH
2Br
2 + Na
3AsO
4 + NaBr
using sodium arsenite and sodium hydroxide.
Another way is to synthesize it from diiodomethane and bromine.
職業ばく露
Methylene bromide is used as
a solvent and as a chemical intermediate.
輸送方法
UN2664 Dibromomethane, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
不和合性
Mixture with potassium forms a shocksensitive explosive. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or
explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, sodium
amide, strong acids, strong bases, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, magnesium. The substance decomposes on contact
with hot surfaces producing hydrogen bromide
廃棄物の処理
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal
ジブロモメタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品