イソフルラン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
溶解性
エタノール(99.5)及びメタノールに溶け、水に溶けにくい。エタノール(99.5)、メタノール、o-キシレンと混和する。水に溶けにくい。
解説
…深い麻酔下の過換気で中枢神経を刺激する作用がある。(5)イソフルレンisoflurane 1970年代にアメリカで開発された。ほかの揮発性麻酔薬の長所をすべてもっているが，麻酔後に肝臓障害が起こることがある。…
株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報
用途
中枢神経系に作用して麻酔作 用を示す化合物です。
用途
中枢神経系に作用して麻酔作
用を示す化合物です。
効能
吸入麻酔薬
商品名
フォーレン (アッヴィ)
化学的特性
colourless liquid
使用
Isoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. Recent studies suggest that there might be a relationship between administration of isoflurane and postoperative cognitive dysfunct
ion (POCD).
生物学の機能
Isoflurane (Forane) is a structural isomer of enflurane
and produces similar pharmacological properties: some
analgesia, some neuromuscular blockade, and depressed
respiration. In contrast, however, isoflurane is considered
a particularly safe anesthetic in patients with ischemic
heart disease, since cardiac output is maintained,
the coronary arteries are dilated, and the myocardium
does not appear to be sensitized to the effects of catecholamines.
Also, blood pressure falls as a result of vasodilation,
which preserves tissue blood flow. Isoflurane
causes transient and mild tachycardia by direct sympathetic
stimulation; this is particularly important in the
management of patients with myocardial ischemia.
Unlike enflurane, isoflurane does not produce a
seizurelike EEG pattern. Furthermore, the metabolic
transformation of isoflurane is only one-tenth that of
enflurane, so fluoride production is quite low. Among
the halogenated hydrocarbons, isoflurane is one of the
most popular, since it preserves cardiovascular stability
and causes a low incidence of untoward effects.
一般的な説明
Isoflurane is a volatile liquid (bp＝48.5°C) with an MAC of1.15, a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.43 and high solubilityin fat. Isoflurane is a structural isomer of enflurane. Itis a known respiratory irritant, but less so than desflurane.Approximately 0.2% of the administered drug undergoesmetabolism, the rest is exhaled unchanged. The metabolismof isoflurane yields low levels of the nephrotoxic fluoride ionas well as a potentially hepatotoxic trifluoroacetylating compound). The relatively low concentrations ofthese compounds have resulted in very low risks of hepatotoxicityand nephrotoxicity. There have been no reports ofseizures caused by isoflurane and only transient increases inheart rate have been reported.
臨床応用
Isoflurane was introduced in the United States in 1981 and is a potent anesthetic agent
with many similarities to its isomer enflurane (potent, nonflammable, and intermediate blood
solubility). It does produce significantly fewer cardiovascular effects than enflurane, however, and
it can be used safely with epinephrine without as great a concern for arrhythmia production.
Isoflurane has a more pungent odor than halothane and, thus, can cause irritation to the throat and
respiratory tract, triggering coughing and laryngospasm. To overcome this problem, it often is
supplemented with intravenous agents. Less than 0.2% of an administered dose is metabolized,
mostly to fluoride and trifluoroacetic acid. Some minimal potential
for hepatotoxicity is associated with a trifluoroacetyl halide metabolite.
イソフルラン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルメチルエーテル
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE GAS
2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノール
ビス(クロロメチル)エーテル
アンチモンペンタクロリド
1-クロロ-2,5-ジメチル-4-ニトロベンゼン
hydrogen fluoride
フッ化水素酸
ジフルオロメタノール
ジフルオロメチル2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルエーテル
2,2-ジクロロ-1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン
1,1-ジクロロ-2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルジフルオロメチルエーテル
準備製品