臭化マグネシウム, 無水 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
MgBr2(184.11)．水酸化マグネシウムを臭化水素酸で中和して濃縮すると六水和物が得られる．六水和物は無色の六方晶系針状晶．密度2.00 g cm－3．融点172.4 ℃．臭化マグネシウムは，臭化水素気流中で脱水し，乾燥窒素気流中で熱すると無水物となる．無水物は無色の三方晶系結晶．密度3.72 g cm－3．融点711 ℃，沸点1230 ℃．いずれも潮解性で，水に易溶．エタノール，アンモニアには付加物をつくって溶ける．有機合成，医薬品などに用いられる．[CAS 7789-48-2:MgBr2][CAS 13446-53-2:MgBr2･6H2O]
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
マグネシウムブロマイドはその高い溶解度と化学的安定性のため多くの工業的応用に利用されています例えば有機合成における触媒や反応媒介としてまたは火炎抑制剤としての使用が知られていますさらに高等教育機関や研究所における化学実験において重要な試薬としても用いられます
化学的特性
マグネシウムブロマイドは化学式がMgBr2で表される無機化合物ですこの白色または無色の固体は水に非常に溶けやすい特性を持ち多湿環境では吸湿性を示しますマグネシウムブロマイドは主に工業的な用途や化学研究において利用されています
化学的特性
Magnesium Bromide is a colorless, very deliquescent crystals or white solid; bitter taste. Soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol. It formed by reaction of magnesium carbonate and hydrobromic acid.
物理的性質
The anhydrous MgBr2 is a white crystalline substance; hexagonal crystals; deliquescent; density 3.72 g/cm3; melts at 700°C; highly soluble in water (101.5g/100mL at 20°C); moderately soluble in methanol and ethanol (21.8 and 6.9 g/mL at 20°C, respectively).
The hexahydrate, MgBr2.6H2O consists of colorless monoclinic crystals; bitter taste; hygroscopic; fluoresce in x-rays; density 2.07 g/cm3; melts at 172.4°C; intensely soluble in water, 316 g/100 mL at 0°C; dissolves in methanol and ethanol; slightly soluble in ammonia solution.
天然物の起源
Magnesium bromide occurs in seawater, some mineral springs, natural brines, inland seas and lakes such as the Dead Sea and the Great Salt Lake, and salt deposits such as the Stassfurt deposits. In seawater, it is the primary source of bromine. By the action of chlorine gas upon seawater or seawater bitterns, bromine is formed. It is an electrolyte component in certain dry cells. In medicine, it is a sedative and anticonvulsant for treatment of nervous disorder. It also is used in organic synthesis forming several addition compounds.
主な応用
The major use of Magnesium bromide has been in the commercial production of bromine. The Dow process is an electrolytic method of bromine extraction from brine, and was Herbert Dow’s second revolutionary process for generating bromine commercially (1889).
Magnesium bromide has also been used in organic syntheses. An efficient and environmentally friendly procedure for the one-pot synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidines from aldehydes, a-diketones and urea/thiourea by using magnesium bromide as an inexpensive and easily available catalyst under solvent-free conditions has been described. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method has the advantage of good to excellent yields (74%–94%) and short reaction times (45–90 min). The structure of the Biginelli reaction product from a-diketone, salicylaldehyde and urea has been proposed to possess an oxygen bridge by cyclization (intramolecular Michael addition).
製造方法
Magnesium bromide is prepared by treating MgO
with hydrobromic acid and then crystallization
above 0.0°C in solution. The product is the hexahydrate
salt:
MgO＋2HBr→MgBr2＋H2O→MgBr2·6H2O
The anhydrous form may also be prepared by heating
the hexahydrate with dry HBr gas. This compound can
also be formed directly from the elements:
Mg＋Br2→MgBr2
安全性
マグネシウムブロマイドは比較的安全な化合物とされていますが適切な取り扱いが必要です特に粉末状のマグネシウムブロマイドは吸入すると呼吸器に悪影響を与える可能性がありますまたこの物質は皮膚や眼に刺激を与えることがあるため取り扱い時には適切な保護具の着用が推奨されます臭素ガスは有害であるためマグネシウムブロマイドを高温下で使用する場合は特に注意が必要です
生産方法
マグネシウムブロマイドはマグネシウム金属と臭素ガスを反応させることによって製造されるのが一般的ですこの反応は非常に発熱的であり純粋なマグネシウムブロマイドの生成を可能にしますまたマグネシウム酸化物またはマグネシウムカーボネートを臭化水素酸と反応させる方法でも製造することができます
合成
Magnesium bromide is prepared by treating magnesium oxide with hydrobromic acid and subsequent crystallization above 0°C. The product is hexahydrate, MgBr2.6H2O:
MgO + 2HBr → MgBr2 + H2O
The anhydrous MgBr2 may be obtained by heating the hexahydrate with dry hydrogen bromide gas. Magnesium bromide also can be made from its elements. Heating magnesium metal with bromine vapor yields the salt:
Mg + Br2 → MgBr2
Magnesium bromide, like the chloride salt, is obtained from sea water (see Magnesium and Magnesium chloride). In this process, magnesium hydroxide precipitated from sea water is neutralized with hydrobromic acid, and MgBr2 is obtained by crystallization.
純化方法
Crystallise it from EtOH or H2O (3.3g/mL). Dry it in a vacuum at ~150o, or heat the hydrate in a stream of HCl. It is very deliquescent. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 909 1963.]
臭化マグネシウム, 無水 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品