VX. C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
화학적 성질
VX, a sulfinated organophosphorus compound,
is a nerve agent, and the most toxic of all known chemical
warfare agents. VX can cause death in minutes. As little as
one drop of VX on the skin can be fatal. VX is a colorless,
to straw to amber-colored, odorless liquid. Looks like motor
oil.
용도
Chemical warfare agent.
일반 설명
Odorless liquid, with an amber color. Used as a quick-acting military chemical nerve agent.
반응 프로필
Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
건강위험
Cholinesterase inhibitor. Lowest toxic oral dose (TDLO) to humans is 4 mg/kg; lowest lethal skin dose to humans (LDLO) is 86 mg/kg. Death within 15 minutes after fatal dose is absorbed.
화재위험
Highly toxic nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. Avoid extreme heat.
Safety Profile
Human poison by skin
contact. Experimental poison by
intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. Human systemic
effects by ingestion and intravenous routes:
hallucinations and distorted perceptions,
blood pressure increase, hypermotihty,
diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, visual field
changes, sleep disturbance. A chemical
warfare agent. A combustible liquid. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of SOx and NOx.
잠재적 노출
VX is a quick-acting, military chemical
nerve agent. VX is the most potent of all chemical warfare
agents. It attacks the nervous system, causing the
muscles to convulse uncontrollably. The nerve agent works
similarly to pesticide and was originally developed in the
early 1950s. Highly persistent, it can be dangerous for
weeks and remains a liquid for more than 24 hours. It poses
little vapor hazard. The least volatile of the nerve agents,
VX, is very slow to evaporate; about as slowly as motor
oil. VX is highly efficient at skin penetration, more than
any other of the “G” agents. It is used in the M-23 land
mine. VX was never used in combat by the United States
and all stockpiles of approximately 4400 t of the Agent
were destroyed in 2008 by the United States Army
Chemical Materials Agency (CMA).
운송 방법
UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, Technical
Name Required. Military driver shall be given full and
complete information regarding shipment and conditions in
case of emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the
shipment of chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be
escorted in accordance with AR 740-32. Packing Group: 1.
비 호환성
Relatively stable at room temperature.
Unstabilized VX of 95% purity decomposed at a rate of 5%
a month @ 71℃. Relatively stable at room temperature.
Unstabilized VX of 95% purity decomposes at a rate of 5%
a month @ 71℃. At pH 12, the toxic by-product has a halflife
of about 14 days and in 90 days there is about a 64-fold
reduction. Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of
highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of
strong reducing agents such as hydrideds and active metals.
Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the
release of toxic phosphorus oxides Contact with metals
may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
VX. 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
