인슐린

인슐린 속성

인슐린 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone that consists of two peptide chains bonded by two disulfide bonds. The two chains are designated A and B. The A chain consists of 21 amino acids with a third internal disulfidebond, and the B chain contains the remaining 30 amino acids. All vertebrates produce insulin and the structure is similar in these species. For example, the insulin produced in humans and porcine species differs by only one amino acid, and humans and bovine insulin differ by three amino acids. Insulin plays a crucial role in several physiological processes. These include the regulation of sugar in the body, fatty acid synthesis, formation of triglycerides, and amino acid synthesis.
Insulin also promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver. In this manner, insulin maintains glucose at a stable level in the bloodstream. Insulin is most closely associated with diabetes. Diabetes results in excess blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and the inability of cells to absorb glucose, which in turn deprives them of energy.

역사

Insulin derives its name from the Latin word insula for island. Insulin is produced in the pancreas by β-cells in the islets of Langerhans (α-cells in the pancreas produce glucagon). Paul Langerhans (1847–1888) discovered the islets of Langerhans, which were subsequently shown to secrete insulin. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on cells and produces biochemical changes that allow the cells to take in glucose.
Diabetes has been prevalent in humans throughout history, but relief from the disease was not available until the 20th century.The termdiabetes comes from the Greek words diabainein, meaning to pass through or siphon.In the late 1800s,it was known that diabetes was related to the pancreas,but it was not known exactly how. In 1901, Eugene Opie (1873–1971) determined that diabetes was related to the islets of Langerhans. During the early 20th century, knowledge was advanced on ductless glands and endocrine secretions that fed directly into the bloodstream.Diseases were treated with extracts obtained from glands.

역사

Insulin was one of the greatest medical breakthroughs in history, which went on to save millions of lives around the world and triggered a century of diabetes discoveries. For many years scientists believed that some kind of internal secretion of the pancreas was the key to preventing diabetes and controlling normal metabolism. Insulin was discovered by Sir Frederick G Banting, Charles H Best and JJR Macleod at the University of Toronto in 1921. In May 1921, the Canadians Frederick G. Banting and Charles H. Best began a series of experiments with pancreatic extracts, which led to the first applications in humans as early as January 1922. In 1923, Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize for one of the most important, and most controversial, breakthroughs in modern medical history.

용도

Insulin plays a crucial role in several physiologicalprocesses. These include the regulation of sugar in the body, fatty acid synthesis, formation oftriglycerides, and amino acid synthesis.=Insulin also promotes the storage of glucose as glycogenin the liver. In this manner, insulin maintains glucose at a stable level in the bloodstream.Insulin is most closely associated with diabetes.
Diabetes must be managed by monitoring blood sugarlevels throughout the day, and using this information to adjust the diet and activities to keepblood glucose in an acceptable range; Insulin is usually administered through injections, but it can be deliveredusing other methods. Insulin pumps are small electronic devices that deliver insulin accordingto a programmed schedule throughout the day. In recent years oral sprays have beendeveloped to augment but not replace injected insulin. Another area of interest is deliveryusing dermal patches. Insulin cannot be delivered using conventional pills because stomachacidity denatures insulin. Although lack of insulin results in hyperglycemia,it is importantwhen administering insulin to prevent hypoglycemia. In hypoglycemia blood sugar is too low.Hypoglycemia in diabetics can occur from too much insulin, lack of food, exercise, or lackof carbohydrates. Its symptoms include increased heart rate, nervousness, perspiration, andshakiness. When this condition is recognized, diabetics consume carbohydrates such as candy,fruit,or fruit juice to boost blood sugar levels. In extreme cases,a person can have a severereaction and experience seizures or fall into a coma. Severe reaction to insulin is referred toas insulin shock.

정의

ChEBI: A peptide hormone produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two petide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other c ntaining 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in he treatment of type I and type II diabetes.

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공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
BOC Sciences	1-631-485-4226; 16314854226	info@bocsci.com	United States	9920	65
GIHI CHEMICALS CO.,LTD	0086-571-86217390	Sales@gihichem.com	China	858	58
Chizhou Kailong Import and Export Trade Co., Ltd.		xg01_gj@163.com	China	9413	50
BOC Sciences	16314854226	info@bocsci.com	United States	9909	65
Shanghai Orgchem Co.,Ltd.	+86-21-5877 1921	info@chemofchina.com	China	9630	55
Conier Chem & Pharma Limited	13368167990	sales@conier.com	China	186	58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	+86-0551-65418671 +86-189 4982 3763	sales@tnjchem.com	China	34524	58
AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED	+86-571-85134551 +86-18958018566	info@afinechem.com	China	15111	58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd	+86-29-81139210 +86-17392587031	1059@dideu.com	China	9644	58
Foshan Treasure Biotechnology Co., Ltd	0757-85921206 18520245316	2329783215@qq.com	China	12649	58

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