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Carbon tetrabromide

테트라브로모메테인 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Carbon tetrabromide is considered a highly toxic chemical, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. It is metabolized in vitro to produce carbon monoxide but the in vivo significance has not been established. Under anaerobic reducing conditions it forms complexes with ferrous cytochrome P450. Carbon monoxide is detected as a metabolic product of the interaction. Carbon tetrabromide’s production and use in organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Carbon tetrabromide has been isolated from red algae, Asparagopsis toxiformis, found in the ocean near Hawaii. It was detected in water from treated chlorinated seawater used for drinking at oil platforms. Occupational exposure to carbon tetrabromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to carbon tetrabromide via ingestion of drinking water. Acute exposures to high concentrations may cause upper respiratory tract irritation and injury to lungs, liver (hepatotoxicity) and kidneys (nephrotoxicity). Chronic exposure effects at very low levels will be almost entirely limited to liver injury. It is a potent lachrymator even at low exposure concentrations. Although carbon tetrabromide may release bromine ions during metabolism, clinical bromism is not expected to occur.

화학적 성질

Carbon tetrabromide, is a colorless powder, white crystalline solid, or yellow-brown crystals. Slight odor

용도

Carbon tetrabromide is used to a limited extent as a chemical intermediate. It has been isolated from red algae, Asparagopsis toxiformis, found in the ocean near Hawaii.

정의

ChEBI: A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.

주요 응용

Carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) is a multifunctional chemical reagent widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It mainly includes:
(1) As a thiophilic reagent, it promotes the one-pot oxidative condensation of amines with N,N'-disubstituted thioureas to give a variety of guanidine derivatives^[1].
(2) As a bromine radical precursor, used in the electrochemical radical bromination and cyclisation sequence of enoic acid to prepare bromomethylated γ-lactone derivatives^[2].
(3) As a precursor of hydrogen atom transfer reagent, used to generate aromatic carbonyl compounds^[3].
(4) As raw materials or intermediates for organic synthesis. Synthesis of N-sulfonylformamidine from CBr4 and formamide under UVA irradiation. Activated imine intermediates (Vilsmeier-Haack reagent derivatives) were obtained via a photoinduced reaction between CBr4 and formamide^[4].

일반 설명

A colorless crystalline solid. Much more dense than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion. Vapors are narcotic in high concentration. Used to make other chemicals.

공기와 물의 반응

Insoluble in water.

반응 프로필

Carbon tetrabromide is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, hexacyclohexyldilead, lithium .

위험도

A poison; narcotic in high concentration. Liver damage, eye, skin, and upper respiratory tract irritant.

건강위험

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

화재위험

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

Safety Profile

Poison by subcutaneous and intravenous routes. Narcotic in high concentration. Mixture with Li particles is an impact-sensitive explosive. Explodes on contact with hexacyclohexylddead. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Br-. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC.

환경귀착

Carbon tetrabromide inhibits protein synthesis and causes lipid peroxidation, both of which may be involved in cell injury or death mediated by free radicals.

운송 방법

UN2516 Carbon tetrabromide, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Purification Methods

Reactive bromide is removed from CBr4 by refluxing with dilute aqueous Na2CO3, then steam distilling, crystallising from EtOH, and drying in the dark under vacuum. [Sharpe & Walker J Chem Soc 157 1962.] It can be sublimed at 70o and low pressure. [Beilstein 1 IV 85.]

비 호환성

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, lithium and hexacyclohexyldiilead, since violent reactions may occur.

폐기물 처리

Purify by distillation and return to suppliers.

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공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	+8615255079626	eric@witopchemical.com	China	23541	58
Hebei Weibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8615531157085	abby@weibangbio.com	China	8806	58
Hebei Mujin Biotechnology Co.,Ltd	+86 13288715578 +8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12831	58
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	20267	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21634	55
ATK CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED	+undefined-21-51877795	ivan@atkchemical.com	China	32965	60
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258 +8613203830695	sales@coreychem.com	China	29879	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28172	58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD	86-13657291602	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	22963	58
Chongqing Chemdad Co., Ltd	+86-023-6139-8061 +86-86-13650506873	sales@chemdad.com	China	39894	58

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