갈란타민

갈란타민 속성

갈란타민 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Galantamine is an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid which is first obtained from the plant of snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis), and nowadays, it’s extracted from the plants of Narcissus and Galanthus species or obtained from chemosynthesis. In many areas in Europe such as Bulgaria, eastern Turkey, and the Caucasus, the plants of Galanthus are native species. But its earliest pharmaceutical applications are seldom known. Plaitakis and Duvoisin hypothesized that “moly” in ancient Homer’s epic might be snowdrops. In Homer’s epic Odyssey, “moly” was used as an antidote by Odysseus against Circe’s poisonous drugs. To be used as an antidote may be the plants of Galanthus’ oldest medicinal records. But there is not much evidence for that. There is little evidence of the traditional application of the plants of Galanthus, and it is certain that until the Second World War, the plants of Galanthus and other genera of Amaryllidaceae were not frequently used in European drugs
Italian scholar Iannello studied Pancratium illyricum L., an Amaryllidaceae species endemic to Sardinia, and isolated a new galantamine-type alkaloid in its leaves. This new galantamine-type compound exhibited a pronounced in?vitro AChE inhibitory activity (IC50? =? 3.5±1.1? μM) in comparison with the reference standard galantamine hydrobromide (IC50?=?1.5±0.2?μM)

화학적 성질

Off-White Solid

물리적 성질

Hydrobromide of galantamine can be used as drug although galantamine can’t be used as drugs
Appearance: an almost white powder. Solubility: soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; and insoluble in acetone, trichloromethane, and diethyl ether. Melting point: 269–270?°C. Specific optical rotation: ?90 to ?100°.

출처

Galanthamine is a bulb plant found throughout the world.

역사

In the early 1950s, Soviet Union’s scientists started modern medicine research of galantamine. In 1951, the Soviet Union’s pharmacologist Mashkovsky and Kruglikova-Lvova firstly proved its AChE-inhibiting properties, which was published in the paper. In 1957, the Bulgarian pharmacologist Paskov et?al. found that the plants of Galanthus were the richest sources of galantamine, which opened a way for its commercial development by the company Sopharma in Bulgaria. Galantamine hydrobromide was launched into market under the trade name Nivalin. Initially, Nivalin was used in anesthesia to antagonize the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, and since then, it was rapidly introduced in other areas of medicine
Galantamine hydrobromide was launched into market for the indication of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease firstly in 1995, developed by Sanochemia Pharmaceuticals. In the United States, galantamine hydrobromide was developed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, and was listed under the trade name Razadyne in 2001. So far, galantamine hydrobromide has been marketed in more than 20 countries and regions, such as the United States, Europe, and Japan.

용도

A selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Indications

Its formulation includes capsule, tablet, and oral solution. It is used in the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia in Alzheimer’s disease.

정의

ChEBI: A natural product found in Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum.

일반 설명

Galantamine, 4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-6H-benzofuro-[3a,3,2,ef][2]-benzazepin-6-ol (Nivalin, Reminyl), is an alkaloid extractedfrom the tuberous plant Leucojum aestivum (L.) belongingto the Amaryllidaceae family and from the bulbs of thedaffodil, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. It is a reversiblecholinesterase inhibitor that appears to have no effect on butyrylcholinesterase.In addition, it acts at allosteric nicotinicsites, further enhancing its cholinergic activity. Galantamineundergoes slow and minor biotransformation with approximately5% to 6% undergoing demethylation. It is primarilyexcreted in the urine.

Clinical Use

Before the 1990s, galantamine was mainly used to treat poliomyelitis sequelae, muscle atrophy, postoperative intestinal muscle paralysis, urinary retention, and myasthenia gravis. In the 1990s, it was found that galantamine had improved memory impairment in mice, suggesting that it might be effective for central cholinergic disorders in Alzheimer’s disease
In a 3–6?months’ well-designed clinical trial, recipients of galantamine achieved significant improvements in cognitive symptoms compared to placebo recipients. Galantamine also improved activities of daily living in these patients and significantly reduced the requirement for caregiver assistance with activities of daily living. Clinical development of new indications of galanthamine is currently underway, such as smoking cessation and improving cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and mania.

갈란타민 준비 용품 및 원자재

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준비 용품

갈란타민 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co,.LTD	+86-19930503253; +8619930503252	daisy@crovellbio.com	China	5840	58
Anhui Ruihan Technology Co., Ltd	+8617756083858	daisy@anhuiruihan.com	China	994	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21671	55
Shanghai Zheyan Biotech Co., Ltd.	18017610038	zheyansh@163.com	CHINA	3620	58
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258 +8613203830695	sales@coreychem.com	China	29897	58
Nanjing Dolon Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.	18905173768	sales@dolonchem.com	CHINA	2972	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
Xi'an Kono chem co., Ltd.,	029-86107037 13289246953	info@konochemical.com	China	2995	58
Shaanxi Pioneer Biotech Co., Ltd .	+8613259417953	sales@pioneerbiotech.com	China	3000	58
NanJing Spring & Autumn Biological Engineering CO., LTD.	+8613815430202	sale02@cqherb.com	CHINA	376	58

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