Isoginkgetin

Isoginkgetin is a biflavonoid that has been found in G. biloba and is an inhibitor of pre-mRNA splicing. Isoginkgetin (33 μM) reduces the activity of an mRNA-dependent luciferase reporter by 5-fold, shifts the composition of total RNA extract from predominantly mRNA to pre-mRNA, and arrests cell growth in HEK293 cells. Isoginkgetin (10 μM) suppresses mouse lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A; ) and LPS by approximately 87 and 90%, respectively. It also suppresses arachidonic acid release induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; ) and the calcium ionophore A23187 by 32.5 and 48.4%, respectively, in rat peritoneal macrophages when used at a concentration of 10 μM. Isoginkgetin (5-20 μM) reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, expression, and mRNA levels in and decreases cell invasion by HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner.

ChEBI: A biflavonoid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation between position 8 of one molecule of 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone and the 3' position of another. Found in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, it is a potent inhibitor of matrix metal oproteinase 9 (MMP-9).

Isoginkgetin (ISO), a member of the biflavonoid family, could promote autophagy in HCC cells and human colon carcinoma cells HCT 116. As a natural compound derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, ISO possesses anti-tumor and anti-splicing functions. Nevertheless, ISO's low water solubility and poor bioavailability hinder its biomedical application [1].

A cell-permeable, naturally isolated Ginkgo biloba biflavanoid that acts as a general pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor (IC_max = 50 μM in splicing assays using HeLa nuclear extract) by blocking the spliceosome-meidated splicing process at the prespliceosome/A complex stage. Isoginkgetin treatment is shown to result in growth arrest in HEK293-derived cultures in a reversible manner without affecting cell viability (33 μM for 24 h).