Метилциклопентан химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Methylcyclopentane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet gasoline-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 1.7 ppmv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990). Soluble in ether, miscible with alcohol and benzene, insoluble in water.
Использование
Methylcyclopentane can undergo ring opening or ring enlargement to yield various hydrocarbons including branched and unbranched hexanes, cyclohexane and benzene.
Определение
ChEBI: Methylcyclopentane is a cycloalkane that is cyclopentane substituted by a single methyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a cycloalkane and a volatile organic compound. It derives from a hydride of a cyclopentane.
Подготовка
Methylcyclopentane mainly exists in industrial hexane, accounting for about 5%. However, because its boiling point is close to that of n-hexane (68.74°C), it is difficult to completely separate it by general rectification methods. Therefore, methylcyclopentane with a purity of more than 99% can be obtained by azeotropic distillation with methanol.
Общее описание
Methylcyclopentane appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point near 20 °F. Very dangerous fire risk. Vapors may be narcotic and irritating. Used to make other chemicals.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Methylcyclopentane can react vigorously with oxidizers. (NTP, 1992).
Опасность
Flammable, dangerous fire and explosionrisk. May be irritant and narcotic.
Угроза здоровью
Inhalation causes dizziness, nausea, and vomiting; concentrated vapor may cause unconsciousness and collapse. Liquid causes irritation of eyes and mild irritation of skin if allowed to remain. Ingestion causes irritation of stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, rapidly developing pulmonary edema, and central nervous system excitement followed by depression.
Пожароопасность
Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
Профиль безопасности
Mildly toxic by
inhalation. Probably irritating and narcotic
in high concentration. Very dangerous fire
hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or
oxidizers. Can react vigorously with
oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam,
CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
Возможный контакт
This material is used as a solvent;
as a fuel; and in chemical synthesis.
Экологическая судьба
Photolytic. A photooxidation rate constant of 7.0 x 10-12 cm3/molecule?sec was reported for the
reaction of methylcyclopentane and OH radicals in the atmosphere (Atkinson, 1990).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air produces carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Methylcyclopentane will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional
group.
At elevated temperatures, rupture of the ring occurs and 1-propene is produced in a 40% yield.
Other products include hydrogen and cyclic mono- and diolefins (Rice and Murphy, 1942).
Перевозки
UN2298 Methyl cyclo pentane, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid
Методы очистки
Purification procedures include passage through columns of silica gel (prepared by heating in nitrogen to 350o prior to use) and activated basic alumina, distillation from sodium-potassium alloy, and azeotropic distillation with MeOH, followed by washing out the methanol with water, drying and distilling. It can be stored with CaH2 or sodium. [Vogel J Chem Soc 1331 1938, Beilstein 5 III 55, 5 IV 84.]
Несовместимости
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Утилизация отходов
Dissolve or mix the
material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical
incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.
All federal, state, and local environmental regulations
must be observed.
Метилциклопентан препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат