Дихлорвос химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Cases of sensitization to dichlorvos have been seen in
chrysanthem growers, horticulturists, technicians and
in a chemist.
Химические свойства
Dichlorvos is available as an oily colourless to amber liquid with an aromatic chemical odour. It is slightly soluble in water but soluble in kerosene, ethanol, chloroform, and acetone and miscible with alcohol, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, aerosol propellants, and other non-polar solvents. Dichlorvos in contact with strong acids or alkalis undergoes decomposition and releases hazardous products toxic gases and vapours such as phosphorus, chlorinated oxides, and carbon monoxide.
Физические свойства
Colorless to yellow liquid with a mild aromatic odor
Использование
Dichlorvos is used for the control of household and public health
insect pests and the control of sucking and chewing pests in a wide range
of crops. It is used as a veterinary anthelmintic, as an ectoparasiticide on
fish and domestic pets and a vapour phase domestic insecticide as well for
the control of phorid and sciarid flies in mushroom compost.
Определение
ChEBI: An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.
Общее описание
An aromatic colorless to amber liquid absorbed in a dry carrier. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, absorption, or ingestion. Flash point 175°F or higher. When heated to high temperatures may emit toxic chloride fumes and phosgene gas. Used as a pesticide.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Slightly soluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
DICHLORVOS MIXTURE is incompatible with strong acids and bases. Dichlorvos is slowly hydrolyzed in acidic media and rapidly hydrolyzed by alkalis. Dichlorvos is corrosive to iron and mild steel. . Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Угроза здоровью
Exposures to dichlorvos through all routes, namely, oral, dermal, and respiratory,
cause adverse effects to species of laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, and rabbits.
The symptoms of poisoning include perspiration, nausea, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache, and in severe cases, tremors, ataxia, convulsions,
and coma.
Humans exposed to dichlorvos show many symptoms of poisoning that include, but
are not limited to, irritability, confusion, headache, speech diffi culties, sweating, blurred
vision, drowsiness or insomnia, numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, tremor,
abdominal cramps, diffi culty in breathing or respiratory depression and slow heart beat,
impaired memory concentration, disorientation, and severe depressions.
Пожароопасность
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Сельскохозяйственное использование
Insecticide, Acaricide, Nematicide: Dichlorvos is used for insect control in food-storage
areas, green-houses, and barns, and control of insects
on livestock. It is not generally used on outdoor crops.
Dichlorvos is sometimes used for insect control in workplaces
and in the home. Dichlorvos used in pest control
is diluted with other chemicals and used as a spray. It can
also be incorporated into plastic that slowly releases the
chemical. Veterinarians use it to control parasites on pets.
Dichlorvos is effective against mushroom flies, aphids, spider
mites, caterpillars, thrips, and white flies in greenhouse,
outdoor fruit, and vegetable crops. It is used to treat a variety
of parasitic worm infections in dogs, livestock, and humans.
Dichlorvos can be fed to livestock to control botfly
larvae in the manure. It acts against insects as both a contact
and a stomach poison. It is used as a fumigant and has
been used to make pet collars and pest strips. It is available
as an aerosol and soluble concentrate. Not approved for use
in EU countries. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide
(RUP). Dichlorvos also exists as a breakdown product.
Торговое название
ALCO® Dichlorvos; APAVAP®;
ASTROBOT®; ATGARD®; BAY 19149®; BAYER 19149®;
BENFOS®; BIBESOL®; BREVINYL®; BREVINYL
E 50®; CANOGARD®; CEKUSAN®; CYPONA®;
DEDEVAP®; DERRIBAN®; DERRIBANTE®; DES®;
DEVIKOL®; DICLORCAL 50®; DIDIVANE; DIVIPAN®;
DOOM®; DQUIGARD®; DUO-KILL®; DURAVOS®;
ELASTREL®; EQUIGARD®[C]; EQUIGEL®[C];
ESTROSEL®; ESTROSOL®; FECAMA®; FEKAMA®;
FLY-DIE®; FLY FIGHTER®; HERKOL®; INSECTIGAS
D®; KRECALVIN®; LINDAN®; MAFU®; MARVEX®;
MOPARI®; NEFRAFOS®; NERKOL®; NOGOS®; NOPEST®;
NOVOTOX®; NUVA®; NUVAN®; OKO®;
OMS 14®; PANAPLATE®; PHOSVIT®; PRENTOX®;
SD 1750®; SUCHLOR®; SZKLARNIAK®; TAP
9VP®; TASK®; TENAC®; TETRAVOS®; UNIFOS
(PESTICIDE)®; UNITOX®; VAPONA® et al.
[C]; VAPONITE®; VERDICAN®; VERDIPOR®;
VERDISOL®; VINYLOFOS®; VINYLOPHOS®;
WINYLOPHOS®
Контактные аллергены
Cases of sensitization to this organophosphorus
compound with several commercial names (Benfos,
Brevinyl, Chlorvinphos, DDVP, Equigard, Fly fghte,
Nogos, and Unifos) were occupationally seen in chry-
santhem growers, horticulturists, technicians, and in a
chemist.
Профиль безопасности
Confirmed carcinogen
with carcinogenic and tumorigenic data.
Poison by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact,
subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. A cholinesterase
inhibitor, it is used in flea (pest) collars for
pets. No neurotoxicity has been observed. It
is very rapidly metabolized and excreted.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of Cl and POx. See also
PARATHION.
Возможный контакт
A potential danger to those involved
in manufacture, formulation and application of this fumigant insecticide in household, public health and agricultural
uses. Used as an insecticide and as an anthelminthic for
swine and dogs.
Канцерогенность
Two epidemiological studies
reporting an association between exposure to dichlorvos
resin strips and childhood cancer were reviewed
by EPA and found to have biases and confounders that
could explain the observed associations. Additional studies
that correct for the control of potential biases and problems of
exposure determination are needed before an association
between dichlorvos and childhood cancer can be established.
Метаболический путь
The metabolism of dichlorvos has been extensively studied particularly
in mammals. Dichlorvos is rapidly transformed in both environmental
and biological situations via a hydrolytic mechanism to yield
dimethyl phosphate and dichloroacetaldehyde which is further metabolised
to 2,2-dichloroethanol or dechlorinated to glycolic acid. An additional
important route in mammals involves demethylation catalysed
by glutathione-S-methyl transferase to yield methylglutathione and
desmethyldichlorvos.
Перевозки
UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid,
toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Несовместимости
Contact with oxidizers may cause the
release of phosphorous oxides. Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as
hydrideds and active metals. Partial oxidation by oxidizing
agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides Corrosive to iron, mild steel, some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings
Утилизация отходов
50% hydrolysis is obtained
in pure water in 25 minutes @ 70_x0003_°C and in 61.5 days @
20C. A buffered solution yields 50% hydrolysis (37.5°C) in
301 minutes at pH 8, 462 minutes at pH 7, 620 minutes at
pH 5.4. Hydrolysis yields no toxic residues. Incineration in a
furnace equipped with an afterburner and alkaline scrubber is
recommended as is alkaline hydrolysis followed by soil
burial. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.
Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental
control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Дихлорвос препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат