tefuryltrione

Tefuryltrione (TFT) is a b-triketone herbicide that causes weed whitening and death by inhibiting HPPD (hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) activity. It is the first registered herbicide for rice farming. Triketone herbicides, including TFT, are becoming popular, replacing sulfonylurea herbicides because of their herbicidal activity against resistant weeds. In Japan, TFT was registered in 2007 and has been increasingly used in rice farming since then. TFT was also registered in 2015 in Korea. TFT is included in 21 commercial pesticide products, all of which are primarily used in rice farming. Of these 21 products, 3 contain TFT as the single active ingredient. The 18 products are multi-component mixtures containing TFT and other active ingredients: 6 products contain oxaziclomefone, 3 contain pyraclonil, 3 contain pyraclonil and metazosulfuron, 3 contain fentrazamide, and 3 contain mefenacet[1].

Tembotrione and tefuryltrione have been increasingly used in rice farming. In surface water and groundwater, such herbicides were detected frequently due to excessive and frequent use. It is worth noting that sulcotrione, tembotrione, and tefuryltrione are easily transformed into xanthenediones that are more toxic than the parent compounds. Tefuryltrione was frequently detected in surface water in rice fields at concentrations up to 1.9 μg L?1 [1]. Residues of triketone herbicides and metabolites in water could potentially affect non-target organisms, such as reducing the nonspecific esterase activity of Tetrahymena pyriformis and the metabolic activity of vibrio fischeri.