Mannitol химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
It can be used to lower intraocular pressure and in the postoperational
period in ophthalomological procedures as well as during brain edema.
Химические свойства
D-mannitol (D-mannohexan-1.2.3.4.5.6-hexaol) is a constituent of several plants
including the Manna ash, several edible plants, and seaweed. Parts of the latter
contain up to 10 % mannitol by weight. The solubility in water is approximately 230 g/L at room temperature and it increases with increasing temperature. Mannitol
is stable under the common processing conditions of foods.
Mannitol is approximately 50 % as sweet as sucrose and non-cariogenic.
In the European Union, maltitol is approved as E 421 for a large number of food
applications. In the United States, mannitol produced by hydrogenation of glucose
or fructose solutions or by fermentation by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii or Lactobacillus
intermedius is approved for several food applications. It is also approved
in many other countries.
Использование
Mannitol is a polyol (polyhydric alcohol) produced from hydrogena-
tion from fructose that functions as a sweetener, humectant, and
bulking agent. it has low hygroscopicity and poor oil solvency. it
has 1.6 kcal/g. it is approximately 22% soluble in water and is
approximately 72% as sweet as sugar, exhibiting a cool, sweet taste.
it functions as a dusting agent with starch in chewing gum. it is
used in sugarless candy, chewing gum, cereal, and pressed mints.
Определение
mannitol: A polyhydric alcohol,CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH, derived frommannose or fructose. It is the mainsoluble sugar in fungi and an importantcarbohydrate reserve in brownalgae. Mannitol is used as a sweetenerin certain foodstuffs and as a diureticto relieve fluid retention.
Механизм действия
Today, mannitol is the most widely used osmotic diuretic. It raises osmotic pressure in
renal tubules, thus reducing reabsorption of water in the nephrons. As a result, a large
quantity of free water is released, sodium secretion increases, and as a rule, an insignificant
amount of potassium is secreted. Mannitol is used as an adjuvant drug for preventing
oliguria and anuriua.
Клиническое использование
Mannitol is the agent most commonly used as an osmotic diuretic. Sorbitol also can be used for similar reasons.Mannitol is administered intravenously in solutions of 5 to 50% at a rate of administration that is adjusted to maintain the urinary output at 30 to 50 ml/hour. Mannitol is filtered at the glomerulus and is poorly reabsorbed by the kidney tubule. The osmotic effect of mannitol in the tubule inhibits the reabsorption of water, and the rate of urine flow can be maintained. It also is used to reduce intracranial pressure by reducing cerebral intravascular volume.
Профиль безопасности
A poison by
intravenous route. Human systemic effects.
When heated to decomposition it emits
acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
Mannitol препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат